1
100
1
-
https://bibliotheque-virtuelle.bu.uca.fr/files/original/22/26509/BCU_Aix_Les_Bains_358478.pdf
8aa339129322bb0c16f0aeaf319b834a
PDF Text
Text
�AIX-LES-BAINS
(SA VOY ).
�, ,1
�WORKlJ BY THE SAlliE AUTHOR.
Observation d'Hydrocépbale.
(Chambéry, 1864.)
Dn rôle du Parasite l1ans l'étiologie des maladies cutanées
Parasitaires.
(Montpellier, 1864 .)
De la contagion de la Phtbisie Tuberculeuse. (Nice, 1866.)
Observation de Tétanos traumatique et rhumatismal, traité
aux eaux d'Aix .
(Union JJUd'icale, 26 Octobre, 1869.)
Myome Utérin délogé par le travail de l'accouch ement et
op éré avec succès.
(Paris, 1870.)
Traitement des blessés aux Eaux d'Aix.
(Paris, 1872.)
Angiome de l'Utérus. (Observation présentée à la Sociét&
de Chirurgie, 1872.)
A perçu clinique sur les Eaux d'Aix et de Marlioz, 1874.
Du Rhumatismfl utérin . (Traduction de ORD, 1879.)
Ouverture de l'institut Anatomique de Rom e. (P1'o[Jl'ès
:JJfédical, 188l.)
O bservation de Coxalgie guérie par les aimants. (Pl'o[J1'ès
Médical, 1881,)
(Bn.lCHET et
Observation de Xanthome en tumeur.
MONNARD.)
(Annales de Dermatologie et de Syphiligraphie, ] 881. )
(Traduction de
Hhnmatisme.
:à'UCLAGAN,
1883.)
Epuisement Nerveux et llystérie, leur traitement.
(Tra-
duction de PLAYFA1Il, 1883.)
Comptes rendu de Illon service ft l'Asile Anglo-Françai$
durant les 10 del'Dières an nés.
Observations de Myxœdème Cretinoide.
(Lecture faite av
Congrès des Sociétés Savantes le 25 Fevrier, 1882,)
•
, ,1
�ftl
AIX-LES-BAINS
(IN BAVOY),
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT
AND
GENERAL INDICATIONS.
Br
DOCTOR BRAOHET,
Phys'ician to the Bathi1lY Establishment of Aix-les-Bains an,l J.lIa"zioz ; Physicia71
olthe :J'he"l1wl Hos)'ital; Soniol' Physic'ian of the Any/o-French Asylmn;
P hysician to the p, L , 11E. RaUway Company; to the Society of A"tists
a1/{1 Illventol'S of Pa,'is; Member of the Hyclroloyiwl Society of
Pm'ls ; Membe,' of the 11:leclical Acacle",y of Rome; ll [embe" of
1hc Acaclemy of Sacoy ; an,l 11:lembe,' of the Me,Ucal
Societies of Genev,!, Montpellier, 'fc, g'c,
nmLIOTHÈQUR
des
Sc/enlJ)
.~
médicales
DE VICHY
�TO THE
lDiattngufabeb f1Dembers of
111)2
IDrofeaston
IN
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELA 'D,
FROM WHOM
I
HAVE
RECEIVED
VALUABLE INFORMATlON, WITH
MANY
PROOFS 0F CONSIDERATION AND KINDLY FEELING,
T H I S LI T TLE WORK
18 I NSCRIBED AS A SIN CERE THOUGH INADEQUATE MARK
OF RESPECT AND ESTEEM BY
THE AUTHOR.
�'l5atlanll1I\C priS.!l
D ALLANTVNE AND H ANSON, E Dt N DURGH
CH A NDOS STRE1!T, LON D ON
T
!
,,"
�PREFACE.
,.
SINCE the publication of my clinical study
of the mineraI waters of Aix-les-Bains and
Marlioz, the increased importance of the se
spas, and my own wider experience, enable
me to furnlsh more copious notes.
Situated on the borders of Lake Bourget,
,
at the foot of the Alps between France,
Italy, and Switzerland, Aix is easy of access
by the rCLilway from Paris to Rome.
The English visitors, appreciating natuml beauties, have almost transformed it
�•
,'1
�PREFACE.
IX
write a book of that nature.
l simply
indicate to patients an agreeable mode of
occupymg theu' leisure moments, and to
aU loyers of natural beauties the points
",he1'8 they can best be' enjoyed.
L.
AIX-LES- BAINS, SAVOIE, FRANCE,
Ist l1farch, 1884.
BRACHET.
�PREFACE.
viii
into an English colony, especially during
the spring and autumn months.
l do not pretend to enter into details
of physiological or clinical research, but
simply to indicate certain practical results of my daily observation during the
last twenty years, which l trust may be
favourably received by my colleagues who
have hitherto failed to appreciate the
value and influence of the medical treatment of Aix-les-Bains and Marlioz.
Some pages are added for the beneflt
of tourists, who resort in large numbers
to Aix, fortunately without requiring the
treatment. Many detailed Guides exist,
and it is not in medical competence to
.
,'
1
�CONTENTS .
• ,
1
PAGE
PUUŒ
~
STATISTICS OF VISITORS DURING THE LAST HUNDRED
YEAHS.
1
HrSTOHICAL R.ETHOSPECT •
3
CLmATE
7
(}EOLOGY
9
T REmfA L ESTABI,ISHMENT
1l
CHEllIICAL ANALYSTS OF THE WATEHS OF AIX-LESBAINS .
15
MODE OF USlNG THE ""VATEHS AT AIX
18
InternaI Use -Dol1ches-Steam Baths (bouillons-Berthollet) - Baths-Swimming
Baths (Pi scines)-Inhalations-Spray.
(}ENEHAL
AND
'VATERS
T IIERAPF.UTIC
•
OF
THE
25
Thermal Fever (Poussée) .
DUHATION OF THE THEA~N
•
BEST SEASON FOR THE COURSE •
DIET DUHING THE COUHSE
ACTION
•
�·
,'1
�CONTENTS.
xi ii
PA.GE
HYSTERI A
•
AN 2EMlA AND CHLOROSIS : CASES
93
95
CRETINOID MYXŒDEMA(CACHEXIE PACHYDER1!IQUE
OF CHARCOT)
PARALYSIS •
100
108
Local Paralysis-Hysterical Paralysis- Mercurial and Lead Palsy-Syphilitic Paralysis-Hemiplegia-Paraplegia.
SURGICAL CASES •
115
ILLNESSES FOR WHICH THE WATERS OF AIX ARE
UNADVISABLE •
T orpid Phthisis-Cancerous Diseases-Some
Cfl,ses of Heart Disease-Nervous Irritability-Congestion or Softening of the
Brain
ADJUNCTS TO THE TREATMENT OF AIX.
SPRINGS OF MARLIOZ
121
CHALLES WATERS
124
ST . SIMON WATERS
126
WHEY CURE
128
ELECTRICITY COMBINED WITH THE TREATMENT OF
AIX-LES-BAINS •
129
�xii
CONTENTS.
DISEASES SUCCESSFULLY TREATED
AT
AIX- LES - BAINS.
rAGE
RIlEUI>IATIC DISEASES
31
RnEUI>IATOID AnTRHITIS •
39
Rheumatic Gout-Chrollic Rhe umatic Arthritis-Noc1osity of the Joints- Nodosity
of lIeberden-Arthritis Deformans.
GOUT
51
NEURALGIA-
SCIATICA-
CASE OF GOUTY SCIATICA
DISEASES OF 'l'liE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION
•
54
59
Hhinitis-Ozœna- Pharyngi tis-Catarrh of
the Pharynx-Sore Throat-Granular
Pharyngitis-Clergyman's Sore ThroatHerpes of the Pharynx-Rheumatic and
Gouty Sore Throat- Chronic Laryngitis
- Chronic Bronchitis - Hay FeverAsthllla - Catarrhus Senilis - Win ter
Cough-Phthisis.
SypnlLnlc DISEASES .
72
SCROFULA
76
.
78
SKIN DISEA ES.
Psoriasis - Prurigo Acne .
WOI>IEN'S DISEASES
Eczema -
Herpes-
•
Simple and Follicular Vagini tis-Hœmatocele
- Uterine Diseases: Amenorrhœa-DYEmenorrhœa - Metritis - Ulceration Leucorrhœa-U terinc Tumour-D isturbances nt the Change of Life.
.
,'
}
8I
�CONTENTS.
xiv
PART II.
GENERAL
INDICATIONS.
l'A. GE
RouTE BETWEEN PARIS AND AIX-LES-BAINS
133
GENERAL COUP-D'ŒIL OF THE COUNTllY.
135
THE TOWN OF AIX-LES-BAINS .
139
IIOTELS-BOARDlNG-HOUSES-LODGING-HOUSES
140
CAI!RIAGES -
OMNlllUSES -
RIDING
HORSES-
DONKEYS •
141
STEAMERS AND BOATS
142
TAR1FFS.
14 2
DIVINE SERVICE
143
Roman Catholic Church-English Protestant
and Presbyterian Churches.
I-IOSPITALS •
/
144
Thermal Hospital-Anglo-li'rench Frotestant
Asylum .
ANTIQUITJES OF AIX •
146
Arch of Campanus-Roman Baths-Temple
of Diana-bun-dia!.
MUSEmI AND LlBRARï
•
14 8
�xv
CONTENTS.
PAGE
AMUSE~1NT
S
•
148
Casino-Villa des Fleurs-Pigeon-shootingRaces.
WALK S •
151
Roche du Roi-Boulevard des Cotes-Park
of Marlioz - St. Simon-Pont PierreChâteau de Syllan-Maison du DiableBois L amar tine-'l'h e Grand L'ort-The
Petit Port-Hill of Tresserves- MouxyTrevignin- Clarafond.
'
155
DRIVES .
Waterfall, Tower of Grèsy - Moulin des
Primes-Grotto of Banges-Tour du Lac
-Castle of Ln Serraz-Castle of La Motte
-Le Bourget- La Route de la Dent du
Chat-Castle of Bourdeau-Castle of
Chatillon-Drive to the Rhone by the
Canal of Saviere-Val de Fier-Valley of
the Beauges-Castle of Miolan-The
Grande Chartreuse-Lake of Aiguebelette.
MOTJNTATN ASCENTS •
Dent du Chat-The l~evard-Th
Nivolet- Samlloz Cessens.
Alps -
Dent du
Tower of
STEAMER OR BONJ.' EXCURSIONS
Bourget-Bourde:1u-Chûtillon- Canal
to
the Rhone- Hautecombe.
Excursions to Chambéry-to Gorges de Fier
- to Annecy.
166
�·,'
)
�ERRATA.
Page 6, fa?' "King Victor Amedee III.," t'ead "King
Victor Amedée III."
9, f07' "Dr. Lambarn.," read "Dr. Lombard."
10,
fa?' "rrequently," read "coustautly."
92, f at· "Irrigation," ?'ea,d "Irrigations."
" 1 1 0,
fa?' " success," t'ead "mec1icatiou."
"
1 1 7,
fa?' "beneficent," read " beneficial."
"
1 24,
fa?' "Dr Cagalis," ?'ead "Dr. Cazalis."
" 165, f 07' " A four hours drive," 'read " At four hours
drive."
tl""
~
,-,.n
.,
'
.
.
'
..
�Q.)
::;j
>
�AIX-LES-BAINS
(SAVOY).
THE MEDICAL TREATMENT AND
GENERAL INDICA'l'IONS.
STATISTICS OF VISITORS DURING
THE LAST HUNDRED YEARS.
best recommendation of our Medical
Springs is the regularly increasing number
of bathers (as indrcated by the official Table
annexed), of whom many return year after
year to confirm and renew the beneficial and
invigorating effect.
T HE
Years.
J7 8 3
181 5
1816
1828
Numbcr of
Bathers.
588
l,75°
l,15°
2,162
Receipts of the
Establishment.
2,467
6,221
Il,279
26,965
B
°
°
°
°
�AIX-L ES-BA INS.
2
Yeal's.
J829
1841
1842
18 54
J855
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
18 7 1
1872
18 73
18 74
1876
18 79
J880
1881
1882
18 83
Numbe r of
Bathers .
2,37 0
2,45°
2,600
3,460
4, 06 9
10,°5 1
9,737
9,879
10,016
8,382
9,344
II,221
12,0°5
12,85 2
14,164
17.598
J 8,655
20,62 5
24,112
id.
Receipt s of the
Establis hment.
3 1,5 89 °
39,066 °
41,63 8 °
52,869 °
62,3 60 °
II2,25 6 95
117.337 °
115A6r 25
II3,7 18 °
98,509 °
120,°5 6 °
146,3 67 °
15°,5°4 °
146,622 25
153,000 °
156,000 °
178,000 °
186,7° 1 °
19 6,55 1 °
201,°78 °
l ventu re to assert that this annua l increase of bather s is due not only to the therapeutic al success of the waters, but also to
the zeu.l and skiU of the 200 employés of
the establ ishme nt. Our doucheurs and
doucheuses onjoy a Europ ean reputa tion
for the care and attent ion bestowed indiscrimin ately on pOOl' and rich.
�HISTORICAL RETROSPECT.
3
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT.
THE
strategical position of Savoy, at the
foot of the Alps, has from time immemorial
given so great an importance to this country,
that nothing could occur in Europe without
its being concerned. Rence the interest
attached to its history, which, apart from
aU patriotic enthusiasm, must be regarded
as one of the most admirable and attractive.
The savant may pursue his pre-historie
studies, from the summit of the mountain
glaciers to the bottom of the lakes.
The historian discovers that in remote
ages this small spot, so favoured by
Nature, was successively occupied by the
Allobrogi;''' and the Romans, the masters
()f the world, whose bathing propensities are
wen known. They constructed at Aix an
immense establishment, replete with luxury
'" Many customs, still existing in Savoy, trace their
origiu to the occupation of the Allobrogi.
B 2
�4
AIX-LES-BAINS.
and comfort. Abundant proofs of the
Roman occupation have been found at Aix,
sufficient to reproduce the plan of the
Roman baths, which closely resembled those
of Titus, Agrippa, Antonine, and Diocletian,
at Home. l have found in the Baths of Caracalla, at Rome, and in the grounds at Aix,
some piecesofbrick and amphorœ completely
identical. These Baths were destroyed on
the first invasion of the barbarians. Some
historians assert that the Emperor Gratian
restored them, for which reason Aix was
called aquœ Gratianœ. l can discovel'
no mention of the subject in the Latin
writers.
Christianity had no share in the reestablishment of the Baths. For a period
of six centuries Aix, in common with other
bathing places, disappeared from the pages
of history. At the end of the fourth century it fell under the yoke of the barbarian ;
next passed under the dominion of the
Merovingian and Carlovingian kings; then
under that of the Dukes of Burgundy.
Ultimately, in 1032, it became the property
�HISTORICAL RE TROSPJ:!-·CT.
5
of the counts, dukes, and kings of Savoy,
whence those h81'oes (improperly termed
by Thiers the wolves of Savoy) extended
little by little their possessions, and
founded a chivalric dynasty which reigned
without interruption for nine centuries,
the Iast illustrious representative placing
on his brow the iron crown and ascending
to the Quirinal. The old castIes a.nd abbeys
surrounding the lake demonstrate the high
estimation in which Aix and its valley
have been held since the thirteenth century;* but it was only since the sixteenth
century that attention was again directed to
the Baths, and Aix was constituted a marq uisate. Henry IV., King of France, came
'I!' We strongly recommend visitors to attempt the
as cent of the mountains, a tusk now rendered en,sy, as
the study of their geological chamctel's, with thosc
Qf our grottocs and valey~,
is extl'emely interesting: also occasionally to fish fol' lJalaUites (antiquities),
in the lake of Bourget. 'l'his small lake contains four
stations, or "Villag"ls Lacustres," built on piles, at a long
distance ITom the shore; probably used originally as
store-houses, protected alike from thicves n,nd wild bcn,sts.
Beautifnl specimens of bronzes and flints of different
periods, found iJ;l the lake, may be seeI!. in the Museums
Qf Aix and Ohambery.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
6
to bathe there : for many years the appellation of Royal was given to the Swimming
Bath, over which now passes a street bearing the monarch's name.
In 1739 Aix was destroyed by fire.
King Victor Amedee III. created a suitable
bathing establishment in 1776. During
the twellty yea.rs of the first French occupation the Baths of Aix were neglected.
Many plans and projects were contemplated,
but political disasters impeded ;theli' execution. The return of the House of Savoy,
in 181 5, inaugurated an era of progress for
Aix-les-Bains, which continued under the
direction of the Drs. Despine till 186o,
when Savoy passed for the second time into
the hands of France. Since that epoch Aix
has greatly increaseù., not suddenly, but
in a gradua.! manner, due to the superiority of its spas and to the expenditure
which the Government has unhesitatingly
incurred.
The proverb says-W oe to a people with
too much history! The Savoyard feels no
regret on that score; in the midst of these
.,'
)
�CL/MATE OF A/X.
7
successive cha.nges he has remained faithful
to the ±lag of Savoy; always passionately
attached to h1S mountains and hjs lakes;
but fighting with equal bravery-and respecting equally aIl national institutionsduring the alternatc occupation of France
and Italy.
CLIMATE OF AIX.
THE town of Aix, situated in a valley,
protected from winds by the surrouuding
mountains, enjoys a mild and equable
climai:e. This topographie position also
accounts for the elevated tempe1'ature occasionally prevalent. As the majority of cases
treated he1'e result from the pernicious influence of sudden atmospheric changes, it
is evident that the climate of Aix is especially adapted to rheumatic and gouty
patients.
The 1'ich and splendid vegetation-far
superior to that of the adjacent countries
-proves these excellent atmospheric conPatients unaccustomed to this
ditions.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
8
warm moist air are at first almost overcome
by its effect, and feel incapable of the
slightest exertion.
Thus nervous patients, exhausted by years
of insomnia, experience sudden relief from
neuralgic sufferings with the soothing benefit
of sleep. The millions of litres of water
llsed in the Baths flow through the streets
in badly closed canals, at a temperature of
0
1 18
Fahr., and decomposing in the open
air, absorb a portion of its oxygen. But as
they only mark five sulphurdl'ometric
degrees the air cannot thereby be vitiated.
Howeyer, the municipality, recognizing the
consideration due to strangers who object
to the sulphureous odours, has made every
effort to close the canalization as far
as the lake where the waterR discharge
themselves ; and in the course of a very
few days cold water only, in great quantities, will flow through the streets, and
emanations of sulphuretted hydrogen will
no longer exist outside the establishment.
Persons affected by phthisis and chronic
bronchitis breathe easily at Aix.
.
,'
)
�GEOLOG y OF AIX.
9
A few minutes' walk or drive soon leads
to the cool and bracing atmosphere of the
hills, wh en the effects of over-heat are
experienced. The ordinary temperature is
iifty degrees.
GEOLOGY OF AIX AND ITS
ENVIRONS.
THE
quantity and variety of mineraI
springs in Savoy have at ail times inter-
ested geologists; in the narrow space of a
few miles are found the alkaline waters
of St. Simon; the sulphureous waters of
Challes and Marlioz; those of Allevard,
Brides, and Uriage-in a word, ail those
waters now occupying our attention, in
additio!l to innumerable sources abounding
on an sides.
M. Mausson and Dr. Lambard, from
Geneva, recognize that the surrounding
mountains form the prolongation of the
Jura Ohain, and that they are formed of
the same strata : Oa]careous, N eocomian,
Oxfordian, Ooralian, and Salitic, fùund near
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
10
the great Jurassic Chain, one of the outposts of the Alps. The valley of Aix presents numerous gaps: and the rises and
falls are very frequent. In the Bauges you
see how the Calcareous strata have been
frequentIy raised. Probably the mineraI
springs pierce the soil after these disturbances. Considering the temperature of
the waters of Aix, they must spring from a
depth of about a thousand metres. They
do Dot rise direct from the centre of the
earth, but follow the intervals of the Calcareous strata of the Bauges. Thus in
remote ages the in habitants of this valley
sank wells in their mountains, hoping to
reach the hot sources.
M. Mausson recognises a point of comparison between the extreme north and
south of the J ma. In fact, in the north
are found the hot springs of Baden, the
sulphuric waters of Schinznach, and the
saline waters of Bermamdorf, Wildegg,
Millingen, &c. &c.; and in the south, the
innumerable springs of Savoy.
.
,'
1
��ra
E
~
<lJ
...c
r...,
C
<lJ
E
Q)
Ul
Ul
�THERMAL ESTABLISHMENT.
Il
THERMAL ESTABLISHMENT.
WE will not enter into a detailed descript ion of t he establishment of which our
colleague, Dr. . Blanc, published a long
technical account a few months since.*
I . The alum and sulphur sources,
though differing but slightly, do not penetrate the soil at the same spot. The alum
spring rises a little above the town, which it
l'eaches by means of a gallery two metres
in length and two in height, extending over
ninety-two metres ; at the extremity is the
vast Ser'pen t Grotto- so named from some
harmless serpents found there- presenting
magnificent stalactite effects. In 18 57
some workmen employed in enlarging the
canal accidentally broke the inner surface of
t he grotto, and aU the wateI' contained
rnshed clown into the town. Beyond the
grotto is the reservoir of the spring; here
the water appe3.rs to be covered by a layer
* '''l'ho Mineral Waters of Aix and Marlioz,"
D r. Blanc. J . & A . Churchill. London, 1883.
By
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
12
of grey and unctuous barégine, soft to the
touch; huge gas bubbles occasioDally appear
on the surface. Beneath this layer the
water is clear and limpid. Strangers must
Dot fail to visit this grotto in order to
be convinced of the enormous bulk of
water of high temperature at the service
of the baths, which can be used profusely, unlike Barèges and other places,
where the limited supply renders great
thrift necessary.
2. The sulphur source rises in the Establishment; on raising the stone which covers
it, numerous smaU bubbles of sulphuretted
gas are visible on the surface.
The Establishment is composed of a
ground floor (soubassement) and a first and
second floor. Patients who walk with difficulty Leach the nrst floor by meuns of an
easy incline without ascending the stan:case. Above a large wide staircase is the
Buvette (Trinkhalle), a splendid hall, light
and well-proportioned, separating the baths
and piscines of the ladies from those of the
gentlemen.
•
,'
1
�THERMAL ESTABLISHMENT.
13
Those who cannot ascend to the Buvette
find in the town several public fountains
with taps of the mineraI waters. The
maximum pressure of the douches obtainable on the ground floor is ISi metres, but
the doucheurs have at their disposaI a
manometer, which enables them, by means
of the different apparatus, to regulate the
pressure of the douche according to the
medical prescriptions.
,
The Establishment comprises :-1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Two immense swimming baths with
cold douches.
Two old swimming baths.
Two commodious family sWlmmmg
baths with douches.
Forty-one single baths.
Twenty-five large douches with two
doucheurs or doucheuses.
Twenty douches with a single doucheur
or doucheuse.
Two douches en cercle.
Three douches à colonne.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
9. Six vapour baths (Berthollet).
Two inhaling rooms.
II . Three rooms for administering spray_
12. Five vaporarium.
13. Six bouillons (steam baths).
14. Four ascending douches.
15. Four foot baths.
10.
The maximum of the vanous forms of
treatment varies from 2,000 to 2,300 daj}y.
Recent additions and improvements 1'elieve patients from the necessity of il1conveniently early hours, formerly entailed by
the [inadequate accommodation for their
baths and douches.
Government has decided to let the
bathing establishment to a company, on
whom will devolve aD administrative details.
TAEIFF OF TIIE B.ATH,
Fixed by the Minister of Commerce, on April 26, 1882.
Francs
Do?ches du soubassement et Annexe-Sud ...... ... 2 50
:Bouillon seul .... .... ............ ... .............. .... ...... 1 50
Douches de l'Annexe a,vec bain ...... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... 3
Douches des Princos vieux, neufs ; douche neuve.. . 1 50
Douche tL colonne ........ ............... ...... ....... ... ... 2
°
°
•
,'
1
�ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS.
15
Francs.
Douches moyennes : centre, enfer, verticale, vaporarium .. ...... ...... . ..... ......................... ... ... .. . l
Douches Berthollet {après 6 b . du matin ....... .. l 50
avant 6 b.
"
........ . l 0
Douches en cercle, en lame, locales, pharyngiennes,
humage ... .. .... .. . .. ...... .... .......... ..... .... .. ..... . l 0
Inhalation ... ............... ........ .. .. .. . ........ . ...... .. . l 0
Douches ascendantes .......... .......... .................. . o 50
Bains de pieds ...... ... ... .... ...... .. ... .... .. ........ ... . o 50
Bains réfrigérés en baignoires { après 6 h. du matin 2 0
avec ou sans la douche
" .. .
pulvérisée ... .................. avant 6 h.
50
B .
d"
5 après 6 h. du matin ........... .
50
ams or mau'es t avant 6 h .
"
.... .. ..... . l 0
Piscines, grandes {hommes .......................... . l 50
et petites .. . .. . femmes ..................... '" ..... . I 25
Piscines ovale et calTée des Albertins .............. . o 50
Piscille de famille.-L'heure ........... ............... . .. . 10 0
V " t d G tt
5jours ordinaires ...... ...... , .... . o 60
lSI e e
1'0 cs t jours cl'illuminations .... .. .. .. ..
l
0
Portage simple .......... .. .............. . ........... .. .. .. o 6
clouble ............................. . ............. .. l 0
°
"
T HE CHEMICA L AN ALYSIS OF THE
WATERS OF AIX-LE S-BAINS.
mineraI waters have been classed
amongst sulphur-soda springs, and are
distinguished from those of the Pyrenees
by the proportion of carbonic acid gas and
calcium bases which they contain.
We have said that two sources supply
THESE
�16
AiX-LE S-BAIN S_
the establ ishme nt of Aix, the one of sulphur and the other of alum; both have a
tempe rature varyin g betwe en 114° and Il7°
Fahr_ The alum source (double sulpha te
of alumina and potash) was so called in
former "times when sulpha te of alumi na
was design ated as alum.
The alum spring , called the gmcieuse
by Daquin, is most employed for internal.
use, as it is easy of digestion. l give this
explan ation for the guidan ce of the numerous patien ts who fear to take the alum
spring on accoullt of its suppo sed constipating effects. These two therm al spring s
yield the enormous quant ity of four million
litres in twenty -four hours : to reduce their
tempe rature natura l cold water is added . "
We use at least seven millions of litres
daily for the medical treatm ent. Occasionany, aftel' a severe storm, a slight reduct ion
of tempe rature tak es place, caused by
tempo rary filtration of rain water thl'oug h
the earth, but never sufficiently to interrupt the course of baths or diminish the
medic al efficacy of the treatm ent.
�J7
ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS.
A.NALY8I8 OF THE MINERAL WATER OF AIX.
By M. WIL)I.
S~ûphtj·.
Free sulphuretted hy- }
.
drogen .... .... .......... 3·37t04·13mm. 3ïAmm .
'Snlphnrnndel'thefOrm} 8
3'60 mm.
of hyposnlphite ... 3' 4 mm.
·Cal'bonit; acid gas...... 47' 15 cc.
44'58 cc.
(by weight) ...... 0'°932 gramme 0'0882
12'5 cc.
'Nitrogen ..... .......... 13'03 cc.
0' 1623
,Calcic carbonate ...... O ' 1894
Magnesie "............ 0'0105
Fel'l'ic
" ....... ... .. 0'0010
,Silica ... ......... ........ .
Toto,l deposit from boiling ...
Bilica ...... ......... : .. ... 0'0479
·Calcic sulphate .... ..... 0'°9 28
Magnesic
0'°735
.Sodic
0'°3 27
Aluminic
0'0081
Soclic chloride
0'0300
<Calcic phosphate ...... 0'0076
0' 01 96
0'0008
0' 01 75
0'2°°9
0'0;j65
0'0810
0'°493
0'°545
0'0°°3
0'0274
traces.
0'1983
Total constituents }
remaining in solution
0'2916
0'2461
Total fLxed consti - !
-tuents detel'mined )
0'49 25
0'4433
8u72,Jhttr 8pj·ing .
Altlfi11, Spl'ing.
Organic matter very changeable.
1'" . . . .. . ......
Lithinm
Potassium
Strontium
Iodine
traces
'~
0'0050 ... ...... c10ubtful
... ............... doubtful 0'0095
..... .... .... ... .. traces
c
�18
AIX-L ES-BA INS.
of the Wate1' of Aix, 01' Ba1·égine.
The barégin e of Aix, dried at 100°, leaves 50 per cent.
of ashes, consisting, in 100 parts, ofSilica ...... ... ....... .... . 37"4 1
Alumin a ... ..... . ... .. . .. . 4'86
Ferric oxide ...... ..... . 10'00 (about)
EY.drochloric aCid}
S u bst anees un- S l h .
"
u p une
d
·
dt
{ Carboni
"
c
e ermme
Magnes ia ... , .. ,., small quantity -l1one.,
01'ganic ]Jfatte1'
100
MODE OF USIN G THE WAT'ER AT
AIX-L ES-B AINS .
Inter nal Use.- These waters are easy
of digest ion, producing neithe r sickness
nor irritat ion, only at first u. feeling of
aversion which soon passes away. They
promo te and increase urinar y secretions
and elimin ate urea and uric acid. l prescribe them when there is no evidence of
gastri c or bilious symptoms. Occasionally,
the treatm ent diminishes the action of the
bowels, but it must not be suspen ded ou
that aCCOUl1t ; a gentle aperiel1t, the tea of
Aix, or a miner aI purga tive water, alone
�ln léri e ur d 'u ne douche
��MODE OF USING THE WATER.
I9
becoming necessary. The exact quantity
of sulphur water to be taken calillot be
fixed, as it varies according to the individuality of the patient. Excess of the
internaI use of mineraI waters, prevalent
in many spas, is no longer tolerated ; taken
too freely they over-stimulate perspiration
and the urinary functions; their digestion
is impeded and absorption is thus neutralized. Oertain diseases requiring a large
absorption of sulphur may be advantageously treated by internaI use of the
Marlioz and Ohalles waters, both containing a great quantity of iodine, bromide,
and sulphide of sodium. Three to four
tumblers of Aix water daily generally
suffice; but two glass es of Challes water
are rarely exceeded.
Douche-Maillot-Vapour Bath-Pis-
cines.-Every kind of douche can be
obtained at Aix, local or general, ascending
or descending, hot or reduced to any
temperature, weak or strong, in light and
spacious .roOlUS. The patient sits down
on a wooden chair, with his feet in hot
c
2
�20
AIX-LES-BAINS.
water, and one or two doucheurs or doucheuses propel jets of wat.er ail over the
body, hottest of ail on the feet and legs.
Simultaneously, for several minutes, the
doucheurs shampoo, rub, and knead every
part of the body, thus stimulating the
capillary and general circulation : the temperature, strength, and duration of the
douches and shampooing are previously
indicated by the doctor.
An article by Dr. Grainger Stewart of
Edinburgh, who followed the course last
season, describes so thoroughly the process,
whilst proving ms appreciation of the administration and reslùts, that a brief extract
is appended :"It is astonishing with what skill, what
patience, tendernesB, and fi.rmness the shampooing and passive movements are performed. When every joint has been llloved
to the utmost extent possible, the patient
is made to stand, while from a distance a
powerful stream of water is propelled u pon
the different limbs, especiaily about the
articLÜations chiefly affected. According
�MODE OF USING THE WATE RS.
21
to circumstances, he may have warm water
to the last, or he may have a cool or even
a co Id douche .Or perhaps a good cold showerbath, which in Aix is known, wh ether in
compliment to our c]jmate or for some
better reason, as the Douche Ecossaise.
When the bath is over, the patien t js
rapidl y dried, wrapp ed in Hannel sheets
and blanke ts, and is canied back to his
hotel in the curious sedan-chair. Having
reached his apartm ent, he is lifted into bed,
still swath ed like a mummy, is covered up
with additional blanke ts and a quilt, and
left to perspü'e for a longer or shorte r
period. After twent y mjnut es or half an
hour, he is carefully rubbe d down by an
attend ant, who had accompanied him to
the bath. If the case be less severe 01' the
patien t feeble, he may not be subjected to
tIns post-balneal bed perspi ration.
"As an occasional variet y, instea d of
having the douche, the patien t is sent to
have a steam bath- the Berthollet., as it is
terme d in Aix. He enters an apartm ent
which contains a curious wooden box, with
�22
AIX-L ES-BA INS.
a round hole in its movable lido After
undressing, he steps into the wooden box,
and flnds that he is shut in aU excep t the
head, the round hole being occupied by his
neck. Imme diatel y a valve on the level
of the floor is opened, the hot vapour rises
about him, and he soon begins to perspire
fi"eely. The perspiration runnin g from his
brow, trickle s down his face. Presen tl)' he
feels the stream s flowing down his sides
and his legs, and very speedily a feeling of
oppression and debili ty cornes on, and aft.er
ten or twent y minut es the bath is opened
up, the patien t is carefully dried and removed to his hotel.
"Som etime s on the same day as a
douche, and sometimes as the sole treatm ent,
the patien t gets a local vapou r bath. By
ingenious contrivances the bathm an is enabled to steam one arm or one leg. Speedily
the limb begins to perspire, and the parts become soft and comparatively flexible. Perspiration occurs aU over the body, especially
in those who have been undergoing other
�MODE OF USING THE WATE RS.
23
forms of treatm ent, ànd so great care
requires to be taken to preven t a chilI.
But the patien ts often sit and read while
one arm or leg is exposed to the vapou r.
When the parts have been thorou ghly
softened, maniplùation, shampooing, and
passive movements of joints are carefully
carried out, just as after the douche, but
only confinecl to the one limb.
" On certai n days the pati.ent is sent to
the spacious and comfortable swim ming
baths , and there he is allowed to dispor t
himse lf for a longer or shorte r time, practising amid the somewhat warm water active
movements of his limbs. As his joints
relax, he mu.y find that he can cross tl~e
bath in ten stroke s instea d of the fifteen
that were originally necessary, alld that he
.can continue the exercise much longer than
he could at first. When his swim is ended
-and swimming in warm water is rather
enerva ting-h e may have a cold douche or
not according to the directions of the
.d octor. He is rapidl y dried, and if weIl
�24
AIX-LES-BAINS_
enough, is directed to walk about smartly
in the gardens, w hich are close to theestablishment."
Baths.-Few establishments can pro·'
vide so many baths at different degrees·
of temperature and mineralization, thanks·
to the large quantity of water at our disposaL N aturai water is added to the bath
to diminish the temperature and minerai
strength. By the addition of some litres
of Challes water, baths extremely rich in
sulphureous principle are obtained; if
tepid, they preserve the stimulating pro~
perty of their mineraI constituents.
Inhaltios.~
Two
large inhaliug rooms,
one possessing a perfect system of humage,.
have been fitted up. Herè the patientinhales the sulphureous vapour in variousways, according to the mode prescribed ..
The jnhaling apparatus delivers the steam
without necessitating an inspiratory effort.
Spray.-Thermal water, atomized iI1
spray, may be directed on every part of
the body; and in this form is especially
employed in throat and nose diseases, in.
�ACTION OF THE WATER .
'25
affections of the eyes and face, and whel'8'
there is relaxation of the mucous membrane. vVater thus pulverized loses no
portion of its medical activity, and penetrates most re8.dily into every fold of the
skin and mucous.
GENERAL AND THERAPEUTIC
ACTION OF THE WATER:
THERMAL FEVER (POUSSEE).
action of these waters affects essen-'
tially the excretions of the skin and of the
kidneys, and influences the respiration and
circulation. Rence aU physiological phenomena are increased; the appetite is·
strengthened, the muscular tone developed,.
and the menstrual functions are regulated.
The douche and vap our bath s are
especiaUy exciting, for the surrounding air,
at a variable tempel'ature rising up to lOS
or 110 degrees-charged with wateryand
hydro-sulphureous vapour sensibly diminislling the oxvgen-increases the rapidity
T HE
�26
AIX-LES-BAINS.
cf the respiration, and consequently of the
circulation.
Many years ago, a distinguished phy~
sician of Lyons made numerous physio~
logical observations on the results of his
treatment àt Aix, and these are confirmed.
by personal experience among my hospital
patients. The heat of the body rises during
ihe douches two or three degrees, and that
.of the arterial pulsations from 70 to 100.
Some sort of artificial fever is produced,
which naturally finds vent in ablmdant
perspiration; at the same time the organic
matters contained in the urine are excreted
in large quantities; the shock from two or
three volumes of hot water for several
minutes, accompanied by shampooing, adds
to the general excitement. The ensuing
.disturbance of the system necessitates
great precaution; any imprudence or ex~
.aggeration may develop pathological phenomena; but by prudently and steadily
pursuing the stimulating treatment for
three or four weeks, the happiest results
.are attained.
�DURA TIaN OF TREA TMEN T.
27
Furth er on l will point out the counterindications of the course. The therm al
fever or slight fever, sometimes complicated
by gastric symptoms, yields in most cases
to rest and diet.
When the tissues of the skin are very
delicate, a slight irritat ion occurs ; but
never in my long practice have Iobse rved
the poussée (so called) in a severe form, or
complicated with fever. In additi on to
their stimu lating properties, sulphureous
therm al waters produce a special effect
commonly ascribed to electricity, but which
in point of fact is neithe r under stood nor
denne d, and which never exists in sulphu r
waters artificially compounded.
DURA TION OF THE TREA TMEN T.
length of the course cannot be
arbitra rily define d; it varies according to
the age, sex, and consti tution of the patien t,
and the nature and date of the illness.
Evide ntly nervous women, children, old
men, and those long invalided, are unable
THE
�28
A IX-LES.BA INS.
to support so long or se"\'ere a treatment
as adults seeking relief fi'om rheumatis~
sciatica, or laryngitis.
Before starting, the habituaI medical
adviser should be consulted; afterwards
the directions of the local doctor whowatches the progress and powers of endurance of each individual must be scrupnlously observed. It is often found adthe treatvisable temporarily to su~pend
ment. When taken in satisfactory con- '
ditions, the ordinary course lasts about
t~eny
- :five
days, with brief intervals of
rest.
An after cure of a week's fresh air in
some adjacent mountain retreat before
returning to the daily routine of life-a
system more in vogue in Germany than in
France-contributes greatly to the success
of the treatment.
l often send my patients to the village
of St. Gervais, where the Hôtel Mont
Blanc, at an altitude of 2400 feet, is especially recommended. N ervous excitement, and temporary lassitude resulting
T
�BEST SEASON FOR THE COURSE.
29
{rom the course of Aix, yield rapidly to
the tonic and calming effects of this en'Ûhanting spot; to which the innumerable
walks around the base of the Giant of the
Alps lend addition al charm.
The best route is by train to Annecy,
thence carrié'.ge ru'ive of about seven hours
through a glorious country to St. Gervais.
Monnetiers, on the shores of the Lake of
Geneva, is one of the most de.lightful of
Swiss Alpine stations, with excellent !lC'Ûomodation for visitors.
BEST SEASON FOR THE COURSE.
THE moderation and regularity of the
dimate enable the treatment to be followed
during six months of the year ; however, l
do not advise patients to arrive before the
25 th of April or after the r 5th of October.
The most opportune season dates from the
Ist of Mày to the middle of October; for
the action on the skin opens the pores and
renders the patient unusually susceptible
to changes of temperature. As the seasons
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
vary from year to year, it is prudent before
fixing date of departure to write to the local
doctor. The months of J uly and August
are very hot, but English visitors by avoiding
the close rooms of the Casinos during the
aft,ernoon, and seeking fresh air and oxygen
on the neighbouring heights, will find them
quite endurable. In support of this view
l may quote the opinion of Dr. Prosser
James, a regular visitor to Aix, and author
of an excellent work on the mineral waters
of Europe :- " It is often said that English
people should avoid Aix in August, but
personally l have not found it too hot in
that month; and in those severe rheumatic
cases which are sensitive to cold, there are
several reasons for choosing that time for a,
çourse of baths."
DIET DURING THE COURSE.
frequently consulted on this
point, l cannot lay down generallaws; the
diet of each patient is regulated according
to his special malady, C'onstitutiolJ, and
THOUGH
.
.,
1
�RHEU MATIC DISEA SES.
31
ordina ry habits, and in the :6.rst place by
the ad vice of his OWll doctor. In the hotels
food is simple, but of excellent quality, and
thorou ghly adapte d to the course ; no kind
of venison or of pork is provided. It is
best to eat sparingly of brown meats, and
soft-w ater :6.sh in preference to sea :6.sh; ta
vary the diet as much as possible; and to
make no change in the customary beverages; where wine is not drunk , the local
doctor occasionally prescribes sorne form of
tonie. Constipation must be combated,
partic ularly in gouty and rheum atic cases.
Oonst ant exercise in the open air is essential. The clamp atmosphere of the spring
and autum n evenings, late hours, and every
kind of excess, are prejudicial.
RHEU MAT IC DISE ASES .
OF ail lmown diseases, rheumatism has
been most used and ubused fol' establishing the merits of different spas, but ta
our wn.te.l'S we unhes itating ly ascribe the
specifie qualit y of healing rheum atism,
�32
AIX-LES-BAiNS.
through the process of external and internaI
absorption of sulphuretted hydrogen, which
eliminates the generating poison through
the urine and the pores of the skin, as
proved by the experience of centuries and
-confirmed by recent scientific observations.
Dr. Hermann Weber expresses himself on
this subject with a certain amount of scepti.cism easy to understand and almost to adopt.
"There is no bath w hich would not be
recommended as a remedy for rheumatism,
and this disease, moreover, belongs to those
which possess hundreds of popular cures,
and to which the artificial and natural
remedies of the enthusiast and impostor
are applied with especial predilection. Many
a champion of quackery has become rich
through rheumatic chains and anti-rheumatie balsams; and among the cases re.commended for Hoft"s malt extract and
Lampe's cure with simples, rhemuatism
stands at the head. The word rheumatism,
:although so familiar to the physician and
to the ignorant, does not designate an idea
forming a scientific or even practical cate-
�RHEUMATIC DISEASES.
33
gory for individual cases and groups of
cases. Of aIl that we calI rheumatic, nothing
but acut.e rheumatism of the joints presents
an actual and exact idea of disease; and
everything else bearing this name forms a
chaos of different and partially undefined
conditions. ,,*
In fact, every pain, from the slightest
twinge to the most excruciating form of
neuralgia, is termed indiscriminately rheumatism. vVe treat with certain success1. Torpid rheumatism of a lymphatic or
scrofulous nature in varied constitutionsby douches, shampooing, and swathing.
2. Rheumatism complicated by neuralgia
with neuropathic constitutions and visceral
metastasis-by simple baths or swimming
baths, slight douches of about the temperature of the body, or even 10wer (atony,
anœmia).
3. Rheumatism complicated by skintroubles-by the more highly mineralized
waters of Marlioz and Challes.
* "Curative Effects of
H. Weber. 1875.
Baths and Waters." By
D
�AIX -LE S-B AIN S.
34
t, by
In the two latt er cases the pat ien
ction due
gen tle exercise, stim ula tes the rea
I wa ter.
to the exciting dra ugh t of minera
tre atLat er on, the benencial effect of the
um atis m
me nt in join t diseases based on rhe
will be poi nte d out.
College
Sorne years ago l pre sen ted to the
a case of
of Surgeons in Par is sorne not es on
which had
trau ma tic and rhe um atic teta nus
ort una tely
bee n cur ed by our cou rse ; unf
limits of
the y are too voluminous for the
res ent s an
the se pages. To me, teta nus rep
which
exa gge rati on of tho se phenomena
con stit ute rheumatism.
en the
Cases derive reli ef at Aix wh
pes of the
pai n manifests itse lf in the envelo
tendons,
nerves, she ath s of the muscles,
or in the
nbr ous tex tur es of the joints,
also efficaperiosteum. ThiA tre atm ent is
gonorcious in lumbago, pleurodynia, and
rhœ al rheumatism.
ction
" The mo st fre que nt cause of this affe
œa, but
is the previous existence of gonorrh
rhœa can
sometimes a his tor y only of leucor
the ter m
be tra ced ; hen ce the pro pri ety of
, , 1
�RHEUlvlATlC DlSEASES.
35
'Genital Rheumatism.' In sub-acute and
chronic rheumatic synovitis the knee-joiut
is generally affected, and the form of the
Ewelling corresponding to the synovial sac
is diagnostic; fluctuation is distinct; there
is some increase of heat and a little pain,
but no redness of the skin, and no disposition to suppuration or ulceration."*
In the bst few years l have observed
many cases of complete cure of this form.
"Gonorrhœal rheumatism occurs in connection with gonorrhœa. It is not àccompanied by the same amount of febrile disturbance as acute or even sub-acute rheumatism; it affects fewer joints, has a special
preference for the knee, and does not show
the same tendency to shift about. Acid
perspirations do not occur, and it does not
tend to affect the heart."t Dr. Madagan's
lucid summa,ry proves that this form of
rheumatism admits of a stringent course
* "LeLtsomian Lectures." By 'William Adams,
F.R.ü.S., 1869.
t "On Rheumatism." By Dr. Maclagan. Pickering,
1881. P. 6.
D 2
�AIX-LE S-BAIN S.
wiLhout incurring l'isk of metastasis or
cardiac l'epercussion.
Dr. Maclagan, who n.l'st applied salicine
to the cure of l'heumatism, approves also·
of sulphureous water in rheumatic cases.
" The tl'eatm ent of sorne of the sulphureous
baths of Franc e and Germany holds out
the best prospect of relief. ".::Experience proves that our waters not
only cure l'heumatic manifestations, but
combat hel'editary rheumatic diathesis ;
and aftel' several courses impar t to the
consti tution the power of l'esisting the
encroaches of l'heumatic poison.
Our treatm ent, when pursue d vigol'ously,
is slightIy debili tating. Thus Dr. Ganod ,
a great autho rity in this matte r (quoted by
Besnier, p. 7°9, "Dicti onnai re des Sciences
Médicales"), declares that according to his
recent observations of the effect.s of mineraI
waters , the results of hydTo-thermal treatment are fl'equentIy unsatisfactol'Y, either
because theya re not adapte d to the individual case, or because thev have been in-
* Maclagan, p. 223 .
�RHEU MA TIC DISEA SES.
37
judici ously and very vigorously applied.
The waters of Vichy, Carlsbad, and Wiesbaden are hurtfu l when not admin istered
with great cautio n; those of Aix in Savoy,
.of Marlioz and of Challes, have furnished
more satisfactory results, and it has nlways
prove d beneficial to supple ment this course
with a tonic treatm ent at Schwalbach Spa,.
.or St. Moritz.
Professor Stewa rt's note will be read
with inter est : 'Ïé _
"The treatm ent of Aix. is of extraDrdinary value in various rheum atic conditions. FÙ'8t, it is of great service in the
way of removing the thickn ess and stiffness
which so often remain after attack s of acute
rheum atjsm -a stiffness due partly to
chang es within the joint, but mainly to
thicke ning of the fibrous tissue s aroun d the
articu lation . Second, in cases of chronic
rheum atism, where a slow inflammatory
action is going on in and aroun d the joints ,
it suffices both to rem ove inflammatory
produ cts and to diminish the tenden cy to
'*' Ed'inbtwgh Olimicctl Jou?'nCtl , Oct, 29, 1883.
�A D,(-LES-EAINS_
rheumatic inflammation. Thù-d, in rheu~
matic affections of the muscles, fascire, and
nerve ëheaths, it affords in many cases the
most decided and speedy relief. Four-th,
in the waEting of muscles, which so often .
oœurs in connection with rheumatic processes, the manipulation and shampooing,
along with the electrical stimulation which
the doctors superadd, generally prove distinctly serviceable; and fi/th, on the
occurrence of slight rheumatic threatenings
it appears that the use of the Berthollet, or
vapour bath, often suffices to I)l'event the
further development of. the disease."
The proper temperature of bath,s and
douches, and the density of vapour, depend
on the state and susceptibility of the
individual. Sorne patients cannot support
simple baths, and are greatly benefited by
douches and vapour baths; others can be
treated only by simple baths. Thus our
course necessitates continued medical
supervision, based especially on frequent
analysis of the mine. The length of tho
shampooing and sweating processes, and
.,'
}
�RHEUMA TOID ARTHRITlS.
39
the duration of the entire course, vary
according to the torpid or inflammatory
symptoms of the case.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
Rheumatic Gout, Chronic Rheurnatic Arthritis,
Nodosity of the Joints, Nodosity of Heberden,
Arth1'itis Deformans - is not a blend of
go ut and rheumatism, as commonly supposed.* Ganod quotes Fuller to this
effect :-" The disease should not be regarded as of a hybrid character, or, in
other words, made up in part of rheumatism, in part of gout." Rheumatic or
gouty persons may develop rheumatic gout ;
but even here the arthritis cannot be re- ·
garded as causally related to either. Garrod
writes: "It appears to result from a
peculiar form of mal-nutrition of the
tissues of the joints, being an inflammation accompanied with defecbive powers;
but there is no evidence, upon which any
reliance can be placed, to show that it de-
* "Gout in its Protean Aspects." By J. M. Fothergill, M.D. Page 242. Lewis. 1883.
�A IX-LES -BA 1NS.
pends either upon the presence of any
morbid principle, or upon a weakened condition of the vessels or struct ures of the
affected parts." * It is a disease of debility
-tha t may be affirm ed-fre e from any
tenden ey to affect the heart, or to induce
any kidne y change.
Rheum atic gout, then) is a disease sui
genm'is, in which there is general atony and
a depraved nutrit ion of the ends of bones,
oÎ the epiphyses indeed, to speak broadly,
and dyspepsia occurs incidentally. Fuller,
who gives great attent ion to it, says: "Its
earliest attack s are usually seen in girls
whose uterin e functions are suspended or
ill-performed :" while "it invades the
stiffening articulations of the woman who
has arrived at that time of life which is
marke d by the cessation of the month ly
peri.oc1s; it shows itself during the state of
debili ty which follùws a miscarriage, or a
difficult and protra cted labour, more especially when the labour has been accompanied
by flooding."
*
.,'
)
Garrod, " On Gout."
�RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
4[
Many years ago l translated a very interesting pamphlet by Dr. Ord, on "Hysterical
Rheumatism of W omen at a Critical Period,
or in connection with certain Uterine
Derangements;" since then many such
cases have come under my notice, which
l, in common with the physician of St.
Thomas's Hospital, denominate "Hysterical
Rheumatism." The diagnosis of this affection becomes easy after a certain experience,
therefore it would be superfluous to dwell on
the modes of diagnosis of Fuller, Haygarth,
Garrod, and other eminent specialists.
When the disease is ad vanced, no certain
improvement cau be obtained in the bones
(epiphyses); but progress of the malady may
be delayed, the peri-articular swelling diminished, and a certain elasticity restored to
the articulations; thus l always warn the
patient that we can only hope to stem the
progress of the disease.
Local sulphureous vapours are peculiarly
successful if taken twice daily with two
glasses of Challes water tinged with iodide
of potassium, or of lithia, according to the
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
42
case.
A new stimulus is imparted to the
syt~m,
the org:1nic functions receive an
impulse not obtainable in any other way;
and remedies which have proved unavailillg at home shortly become active agents
for gooc1. Fuller thus explains the action
of the 'water and of our treatment. This
purelyessential affection is due to a specifie
poison on which our waters act by an eliminating pro cess through the two organs of
secretion. Weoccasionally observe in women
of a certain age arthritis of the finger-joints
or inflammation of the hip and shoulder.
Case of Rheumatic A?·tlwitzs cU1'ed at Aix.-
Miss H--, eighteen years o]d, lymphatic
temperament, menstruation regular, no
hereditary ailments. After violent fatigue
in 1870, experienced acute pain in the left
knee, necessitating immobility of the joint,
to which a bandage was applied. A course
of iron and quinine was prescribed to act
on the nel'VOUS and neuropathic condition.
Electricity pI'oduced a certain amelioration,
but was not long endured. Hel' doctor
then recommended a visit to Aix, in spite
�RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
43-
of the fatigue of the journey. On her
arrivaI neither inflammation nor 8welling
was observable. The extreme sensitiveness
of the articulation and surrounding nerves
inrucated a rheumatic state,'combined "vith a
neuro-hysterical condition, with atrophy of
the thigh and calf of the leg. After fifteen
short baths, appetite returned and the
nervous state diminished daily. l then
prescribed mild douches, with gentle shampooing of the muscles of the thigh and leg.
But, in spite of every precaution, the
dread of the operation was 80 great that
the course was necessarily suspended aftel"
ten douches; pain became less acute, but
the joint had not recovered movement.
l then a.pplied, during twelve days, contiml0u8 curl'ents of electricity, which the
patient bore very weIl, and which facilitated
slight movement; and ultimately prescl'ibed
local douches to the affected limb for two
consecutive days, alternated on the third
day with the electric currents. Rapid improvement ensued, and aftel' a month of
this course, crutches and the rolling-chail"
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
44
were discarded. Miss H--- left at the
end of September completely cured. In
spite of a violent attack of typhus, which
confined her to her bed, the joint retained
the acquired s11ppleness and strength;
.and walks of ten miles were lmdertaken
without fatigue.
l quote this case from among many
()chers, because it proves that chronic
arthritis affects an ages, even when not
preceded by acute arthritis; in this instance a neuropathic condition was dominant, and muscular atrophy was at the
same time successfully treated. Arthritis
was limited because it encountered onlya
lymphatic rheumatic state, and the internaI
tonic treatment wisely prescribed from the
onset, had the best effect on the am-emic
:<:md cachectic condition. Here is also demonstrated the impossibility of deciding
the limits of the course. During the four
months passed by the patient at Aix she
underwent sixtY bathing operations.
Just as this little work is going to press,
my colleague, Dr. D meaux, sends me a
•
.'
1
�RHEU MATO ID ARTHR ITIS.
45
highly intere sting note on the different
deviations of the great toes in cases of
rheum atic gout and gout, and as his study
throw s a new light on the diagnosis of
these affections, l gladly avail myself of
permission to pu blish it :"In chronic rheum atism our attent ion
is frequently called to the deformity of the
great toe, consisting of a deviation when
the soles of the two feet touch each other.
This is produced by a proliferant osteitis on
a level with the intern aI surface of the
metata rso-phalangeal joint of each toe.
Sometimes the skin is the seat of chronic
inflammation, and of pain, especially under
the pressure of the boot.
"Chro nic forms generally fu'st presen t
themselves in bony articulaI' or prearticulaI' lesions; cases in which the alterations are limite d to the flabby parts of
the joints appea r scarce, especially in
Franc e.
" Rheum atism producing deformity commences in the small joints . The nodosities
of Heber den are regard ed as the expression
�A IX·LES·BAINS.
of the most precocious and attenuated form
of the diathesis. The outward deviatioll
of the great toes precedes. l have never
encountered these nodosities where their
malformation is not very evident. The
fact of the great toe being generally the
seat of the diathesis is accounted for, not
only by the pressure of the boot, but be·
cause the whole weight of the body is
tbrown on those joints.
"Dr. Besnier, in his article on 'Rheu·
matism' in the Meàieal Die tion a1'Y, attributes to functional n.buse a powerful agency
in these local articular rheumatic aft'ec·
tions.
"Professor V emeuil, in one of his clinical
lectures in 1883 (Semaine .Médicale), indicates this deviation as 'a certain sign of
arthritic diathesis.' l have met with this
malformation of the great toes in children
fi ve or six years old, and in young girls,
showing no other rheumatic symptoms.
The pressure of the boot being sometimes
considered the sole· or chief cause, l
nn.turn.lly inquire: How then account for
•
.'
1
�RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
47
these affections in children? Certain cases
.of neuralgia, myalgia, and even of arthritls,
which have come under my notice, without
.offering this first impression of the rheumatic diathesis, have been attributed, after
more or less car~ful
observation, to al bumin uri a, glycosuria, lead poisolùng, syphilis,
.or scrofula.
"This malformation of the great toe is
not uniform, one toe being almost always
more crooked than the other; thus proving
the predominance of the affection ou one
side of the body. This peculiarity gives to
the malady an hemiplegic appearance, in
reBpect to its origin. The predominance
.of rheumatism occurs sometimes to the
right, sometimes to the left of the body;
but apparently more often to the left. The
hemiplegic appearance of deforming rheumatism is not limited to articular lesions ;
it is applicable also to circumarticular
manifestations.
"In the frequent cases of complications
in the bronchial regions, the wheezings of
the base appear more common on the side
�AIX-LES-BAiNS.
most a:f:fected by rheumatism. In one of
the last séances of the Berlin Medical
Society, Professor Virchow observed, 'Care
must be taken not to confound deforming
arthritis with uratic arthritis : these two
fonTIs rarely co-exist in the sarne subject.
l have only met with one case in whi.ch l
have proved the presence of uratic deposits
out of nodosities.' The morbid process
of the gout and that of deforming rheurnatism being dissimilar, the alteration in
the form of the great toes must not be
considered identical in the two cases.
" This di:f:ference in the mateI'jal changes
of the regions might prove in doubtful
cases a valuable sign of the different
diagnosis. The uratic infiltration which
characterizes gout, and the proliferant
osteitis which characterizes deforming
rheumatism, cannot leave the same impression on the parts a:f:fected. l have seen
a great many rheumatic cases, but have less
experience in gouty cases. It appears to
me that III gouty cases the great toes
touched, or were but slightly separated
.,'
)
�RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.
49
from, each other. l have clearly observed
this in a gentleman who in three yeaTs had
had four acute attacks, of which two were
very severe. In deforming rheumatism,
the exostosis (Virchow) which occupies
the internaI surface of the metatarso-phalangeaI joint of the first toes bends the
great toes outside. The accumulation of
matter occurs in the entire joint, and increases its size; in rheumatism the osteitis
is produced inside, and is partial and
essentially deforming.
"1 arrive at the following conclusions :" 1. In the bony forms of chronic rheumatism a special deÏormity of the great toes
exists, the deviation occurring outside,
which is a more evident sigu of the diathesis
than any other articular localization.
"2. Any other peri-articulaI' manifestation, with a gouty appearance, not coinciding with this deformity, must be look,?d on
as doubtful, and the cause will probably
be traced to 80me other existing malady
or some other diathesis.
"3 . This deformity is not uniform; the
E
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
5°
prepond eI'ance on o:b.e side extends to the
corresponding half Of the body. It also
imparts to rhellmatism a hemiplegjc aspect
as to the local seat.
"4. The change of form differs from that
produced by gout, the two morbid processes being essentially dissimilar.
" S. Might the pathological distortion of
the great toes furnish the element of a
comparative diagnosis between deforming
rheumatism and gout 1"
Dr. Demeaux proceeds to the application of Aix waters in this pathologic variety.
space compels me
l regret that restic~d
to curtail this clinical study, which indicates the modifications in our thermal
course, and especially the importance of
analysing the urine when directing the
mode of treatment. Our colleague adopts
as a general system for rheumatism-1. General sudation;
2 . Local sudation
and tepid douches. For gout, on the contrary, he recommends the inverse courseI . Tepid douches; 2. Local vapour baths on
the parts affected, of short duration, and
.
.'
)
�,
-
.~
,
. _-
.
o.
SOCI!TI!
0.9
i
SCIENCES
GOiT.
1
MéOICALESJ
DE VICHY 5.1
carefullywatched; 3. Sudation progressively
increasing in the excêptlOnaî cas.es mère' _ .
there is a complete integrity of the system
with sufficient power of endurance.
The late Dr. F. Bertier preferred tepid
douches in cases of gout and rheumatic
gout. Personally l never lay down general
indications for our course. Participating
to a certain extent in the views of Dr. Demeaux, l often prescribe local vapour baths
\vith an immediate subsequent application
of a bandage round the limb, or that portion
of the limb submitted to the steam bath.
GOUT.
etiology of this disease is weIl known,
thanks to the researches of Tennant, Forbes,
:Murray, Wollaston, Rood, Fuller, and
especiaIly of Garrod and Charcot. The
origin is traced to the presence of une
acid jn the blood, frequently affecting the
joints and muscles.
For many years n. prejudice still extant
precluded the use of sull hureous waters
in these cases. This is easily accounted
THE
E 2
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
52
for by the dread of our course entertained by certain doctol's in the beginning
of the present century, when ail patients,
irrespective of age anrl constitution, underwent the entire treatment-the hot bath,
steam bath, and swathing-whilst now a
third of our patients only take the baths
and douches a.t a temperature of 96° Fahr.,
and are carried back to their beds without
the enforced perspirati.ons- too exciting in
certain cases.
Gout, better understood than rheumatism, is subject to acute crises, frequently
excited by the formel' mode of treatment. Even at present gouty as weIl as
rheumatic and sciatic crises may be evoked
by our course, but these crises are genel'ally
advantageous, and the course is only suspended until acute pain subsides. It required ail the influence of a renowned
physician such as Ganod to restore to Aix
its reputation as a remedy in cases of gout;
which, judging fi'om the benefit del'ived
by the numerous patients to whom he had
prescribed our waters, he was fully in a
•
, '
1
�GOUT.
53
position to appreciate. In page 427 of his
la st edition (1876), Dr. ,Gan-od expresses a
positive opinion in favour of our course,
when gout manifests itself as cutaneous
eruptions such as psoriasis and èczema, or
as swelling and fulness of the joints, or as
forms of gout not connected ,vith portal
congestion, where the influence of ordinary
thermal waters is equally efficacious. There
would be nothing to add to the emphatjc
assertion of this great authority, were I
not in a position to prove by long personal
experience among English p8,tients the
eliminating effects of our course, whence the
frequency and intensity of go utY crises are
diminished, although at the beginning of
the treatment a slight manifestation may
be produced. Strict diet is invariably
prescribed, and careful medical superintendence must be exercised, especially in respect
to the urine. In addition to the therapeutie course there is the mechanical treatment l exercise by means of continuous
cnrrents in cases of gouty joint diseases
and muscular atrophy. \
,
n T,10THÊQUE \
dt8 ScicTlcc.q mt1dicales
DE VICHY
�A IX-LES·BAINS.
54
Short and frequent vapour baths, followed
by gentle shampooing, exercise a specifie
action on those articular deformities
which gradually lead to ankyloses; absorption of the effusion in the bursre is thus
e:fIected, and stiffness gradually disappears.
l have even seen cases where the movements of the joints were facilitated by
the precipitation of chalk-stones.
We have equal Sllccess in atrophy of the
muscles proceeding from gout, which is the
more serious because the arthritis is far
more severe, as Sir James Paget asserts
in ms " Lessons on Clinical SUl'gery." This
muscular atrophy, which does not resemble
the muscular atrophy in the arthritis
described by Oharcot, results exclusively
from go ut Y and rheumatic lesions. Baths,
douches and shampooing, supplemented by
electric currents, are highly beneficiaL
NEURALGIA.
fOl'ms most freguently treated with
suc cess at AL'{ are brachialgia, pleurodynia,
and sciatica.
Patients suffering. in the
THE
.,'
)
�NEURALGIA .
55
hip, the leg, or even from lumbago, indiscriminately designate their complaint as
sciatica, though in damp countries articulaI' and peri-articuhr pains often result
from :m actual arthritis of the hip, closely
resembling sciatica.
l insist on this point, because the treatment difl'ers according to the malady;
whilst real sciatica derives great benefit
from a vigorous course, its counterfeits
are intensified undflr a similar treatment.
Great care must be taken to ascertain
whether the pain arises from rheumatism,
gout, syphilis, exposure to cold and wet,
or simply from oVflr-fatigue. When due
to syphilis, sciatica can only be cured by
the specifie treatment, but such cases are
rare. Professor FOlunier observes that
neuralgia rarely affects the entire nerve,
and never descends below the knee.
l have observed three cases of partial
sciatica, proved to be of syphilitic origin.
When there is evidence of the specifie
element the waters of Aix produce the
double effect of combating the local mani-
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
festation and facilitating the endurance of
the required form of treatment. If paill is
acute, l consider the simple bath preferable
to the vapour bath, as it î1cts sufficiently
on the skin without over-exc'iting the
nervous system; but where neuralgia is
torpid and atonic, the large douche becornes requisite. When the patients are
in a very debilitated state, plain swimming
Every year
baths succeed very weIl.
numerous cases of recovery from sciatica
ensue from a course of sulphur baths, in
which the mineraI element excites and
regulates the functions of the skin. Pain
long existent, where atrophy has produced
immobility of the limb, necessitates a
prolonged treatment; :first the element of
pain, and then the ravages c:1used by
the mabdy, must be dealt with. Douches
and shampooing constitute the :final cure.
In neura.lgia, as weIl as rheumatism and
other similar affections, an increase of pain
fj'equently occurs during the nrst days of
the treatment, and may last for some time.
Almost as many cases of neuralgia alone
.
,'
)
�NEURALGIA .
57
are cured at Aix as of the entire category
of other forms of rheumatism. Nine-tenths
of cases thus treated, if not completely
cured, experience considerable relief during
the tirst season, and success is certain after
a second or third season.
Ca8e of Gouty Sciatl:ca-Complete Cure.
-Ten ye~rs
since l copied this observation of my master, Professor Quissac :"MI". - -, nearly thirty years of age, of a
bilious, sanguine temperament, of robust
constitution, subject to flying gout, wearied
by suffering for many days from a sharp
pain in the region of the right instep,
applied upon this part a nearly cold linseed-meal poultice. Some hours later, the
pain in the foot had vanished, but was
succeeded by acute pain in the posterior
region of the thigh, in the course of the
sciatic nerve. In vain it was tried to bring
back the inflammation to its primitive seat
-ail means failed. Leeches were applied
in the track of the nerve, then flying
blisters, and lastly, the actual cautery.
No progress was made. The in valid walked
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
58
with much pain, supported by crutches.
The pains did not cease in the track of the
nerve; they were specially very sharp on
movement of the limb. The saline waters
of . . . . were recommended. The patient
went to the place, drank the waters, took
the baths and the douches. No benefit
accrued after a month's residence. The
state of matters l'emained the same until
the commencement of the summel' of the
following year. He then went to the sulphureous spa of Aix, in Savoy, a cripple,
walking by the aid of crutches. He there
made use of the waters internally, and
externally by baths and douches. A speedy
amelioration showed itself, he made rapid
progress, nnd aftel' five weeks' treatment,
tlU'ew away his crutches, and recovel'ed the
complete use of his limb. Twelve years
have since elapsed, and the sciatica has not
l'eturned. l\fr. - - is not altogether cured
of the gouty diathesis, for now and again
he suffers from intestinal colic, cramps of
the stomach, sometimes from palpitations
of the heart, with uneasiness in the region
.
,'
1
�THE ORGANS OF RESPIRATION.
59
of this organ, sometimes from pains in the
j oints, or in the lumbar region; but these
various symptoms, although very inconvenient, do not continue for many days,
as they succumb speedily to well-directed
remedies. The heaIth, with the exception
of these attacks, is very good."
DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF
RESPIRATION.
RHINITIS- OZ.lEN A.
THE waters of Marlioz and Ohalles are highly
efficacicus in cases of chronic inflammation
of the nostrils. We frequentIy meet with
gouty subjects, especially strumous children
with swollen pituitary membrane, emitting a
fœtid odour from muco-purulent discharge,
and caries or necroses of spongy bones in
severe syphilitic and scrofulous cases. The
nasal douches of Marlioz, the inhalation
of naturai sulphnreous steam, spray administered Iocally, swimming baths, with
the internaI use of Ohalles waters, closely
resembling in effect cod-liver oil, pro duce
a general invigorating influence.
�60
AIX-LES-BAINS.
PHARYNGITIS.
( Catarrh Of the Pharynx- Sore ThToat.)
Granular Pharyngitis (Clergy'f7'wn's
Sore Th1'oat).
Herpes of the P~arynx
(Rheumatic and
Gouty Sore Th?"oat) .
We never treat acute pharyngitis, but
often meet with patients in whom acute
inflammation has left great weakness of
the mucous membrane, with the predisposition to fail back to the previous state
under the slightest atmospheric influences.
This simple inflammation of tbe pharynx
is li able to degenerate into granulaI'
pharyngitis, especially · wh en there is a
gouty or rheumatic tendency. The strumous, gouty, and rheumatic diatheses predispose to the disease. Chronic varieties*
ensue according to the constitution of the
patient ; thus Dr. Morell Mackenzie recognizes three fûrms of congestion of the
pha,rynx (herpes of the pharynx, rheumatic
and gouty sore throat), and devotes a
'"' MOl'ell Mackenzie, "Diseases of tbe Thl'oat and
Noso." " ;)
�LAR YNGIT IS.
61
separa te chapte r to each of these forms.
de Mussy, Chomel, and Pidou x
Guéne~
attrib nte fort y out of forty-nve affections
of the phary nx and larynx to herpes .
Witho ut recapi tulatin g the previous observation s on the effect of our waters in the
three consti tution al affections, l may add
that our pulverized waters, sulphu rous inhalatio ns and steam, with the intern aI use
of Challes water, afford the surest means of
attack ing the malad y.
CHRO NIC LARY NGIT IS.
(ChTonic Catm'j·h of the LaTynx) .
THIS affection, erroneously identif ied by
many author s with phthis is of the larynx ,
consists;r. in chronic inflammation of the
lining memb rane of the larynx , characteri.zed by hoarseness or loss of voice, and
generally by cough, more or less violent.
Occasionally the malad y causes thicke ning
of the aifected membranes, capable of degener ating into ulceration.
Singers, lawyers, preachers, aU who overfatigu e the voice, are especially liable to
'*' Morell Mackenzie, p . 284.
�62
AIX-LES-BAINS.
this affection, as are also inveterate smokers
and im bibers of alcoholic beverages. The
influence of climate is likewise remarkable.
In Lyons, where the situation between two
rivers causes very 's udden changes of temperature, these maladies are 6xtremely
prevalent..
Herpes is in this case, as in pharyngitis,
the general predisposing cause. l ordinarily
prescribe with excellent results general
vapour baths and douches, which by their
action on the skin relieve the congestion
of the larynx.
For local treatment we find at Aix and
at lYIarlioz Siegle's spray-producers very weil
organized ; the atomization of the fluid is effected by ste am. The foilowing observations
from lYIoreil lYIackenzie's work have more
weight than any pp,rsonal vÏews of my own.
"Several patients whom l have sept to
the Pyrenean springs have derived undoubted benefit from the use of t.hose
waters; but, on the whole, l have seen
more benefit from the waters of Aix-lesBains and lYIarlioz. The climate of the
Pyrenees i~ sub-tropical, and generaily very
.'
�LARYNGITIS.
enervating in its e:ffects on English patients.
l can particularly recommend the hot
sulphur waters of Savoy when the yoice
remams weak and the mucosa is relaxed
rather than congested."
Further on, alluding to the treatment of
chronic glandular laryngitis, Dr. MoreIl
Mackenzie adds : "The sulphur waters of
Aix.}es-Bains are especially valu able. "
Apart from the testimony of this eminent
London specialist, Drs. Lennox Browne,
Prosser James, Smyly of Dublin, Fauvel of
Paris, and others too numerous to mention,
prove their confidence in the waters of Aix
by sending patients thus affected, who are
in most cases successfully treated.
Most valuable is the annexed opinion of
Dr. Lennox Browne, who has personally
inspected and studied the principal spas
of Europe, and whose suceessive visits to
Aix enable him to appreciate the value of
the course.
"The only way hy which pulverized
liquids can be taken into the larynx and
lungs, without doing more harm than good,.
is thn.t in which the waters of Marlioz
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
.
(Aix-en-Savoie), &c., are administered;
large rooms ( salles d'inhalations) being
charged with clouds of very :finelyatomized
medicated waters."
Later on, the same author writes:"Within the last few years, however,
great advance has been made in this branch
of treatment, and it is proved, beyond
doubt, that the action of natural mineraI
waters does not depend solely, or ev en to
any great extent, on the amount, often
very smaU, of active ingredients which they
contain, but is the result of their natural
chemical combination, a.nd of their thermal
properties. It is this last principle of
natural high temperature that is to be
found in almost every water of any value
for bath treatment, especially of those suited
to diseases of the larynx." Amongst the
baths mentioned by the author, Aix-les
Bains occnpies the nrst rank for external
use, and Challes for internal use. ,i,
Dr. Lennox Brown writes : "For the cure
"*" "Diseases or the Throat," L ennox Browne, pp. 59
and 86. Baillière, 1878.
•
,'
J
�63
CHRONJBT~
of a chronic cold and the eradication or
diminution of the tendency to take cold,
much may be done by hygienic measures,
and especially by a 'cure' at Aix
. "~'
It must be borne in mind that this course
is only beneficial when the origin of the
evil is suppressed. ; thus singers must allow
their voice complete rest, and on smokers
must be imposed total abstention, whilst
(a far greater sacrifice in certain cases)
those saloons where heated atmosphere,
effiuvium of gas, and, above aU, moral
emotions, increase the congestion of that
delicate organ the larynx, must be completelyabandoned.
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
this affection manifests itself by
abundant expectoration or in the form ot
emphysema, our course exercises a calming
e:ffect on the crisis. It is impossible, arbitrarily, to define when and where thé warm
WHETIIER
* ,. Voice, Song and Speech," by Lennox: Browne and
Emil Behnke. 2nd edition, page 285. Sampson Low,
Marston & Co. 1884.
F
�66
AIX-LES-BAINS.
inhalations of Aix or those of lower temperature of Marlioz prove most beneficial.
In cases of chronic shortness of breath
combined with slight cough and expectoration, the simple sulphureous vapour inhalation of Aix is gelleraily efficacious. Patients breathe more freelyon entering the
rooms charged with heated vapour. Bronchitis attended by expectoration is also
benefited by this warm inhalation, especially in cases of elderly people. At first,
inflammatioI1. slightly increases and expectoration is more copious; but these symptoms rapidly dimÏ):ush; and at the end of
the course patients, if not completely
cured, find themselves far less liable to the
pernicious influence of cold and atmospheric changes, and to. the recurrence of
the winter cough from which many chronic
illllesses originate.
The internaI use of tepid sulphur water at
night, by exercising a gentle stimulating
action on the skin, cahns the dyspnœa, and
soothes the cough and expectoration. Of
ail the remedies employed in elu'onic catarrh
of the. bronchial tubes, "stea.m inhalations
�PHTHISIS.
are probably more useful than any other
class of local remedies that can be employed
by the patient himself. They are of the
greatest service in ail acute infiammatory
affect.ions of the throat, and also in most
chronic affections of that organ."*"
Spray of pulverized W:1ter must never be
employed where dyspnœa in gouty, rheumatic, or herpetie bronchitis eXlsts with
seconda.ry symptoms. The inhalations of
Ma,rlioz prove frequently more efficacious
than those of Aix on accollnt of the mineraI
elements-iodine, sulphide and chloxide of
sodium, with which they :11'8 so highly
charged. Hay fever, so prevalent among
Americans, is treated successfully by v:1pom
inhalations com bined with nasal douches.
PHTHISIS.
CL! "ICAL observations, especially pathologie
anatomy, prove that this affection may be
freqnently eured. The tubercles are neutralized, either through elimination or by
Elimination of
mineraI transformation. t
'"' :Morell M ackcnzic, p. 27 1.
Gu6ucau de Mussy, tome i. p. 459.
t
F 2
�68
A.fX-LES-BAIfilS.
the tubercle leaves cavities In the lung
which finally adhere by a tissue of the
cicatrization; when communicating with
the bronchi they are easily recognized
by the experienced ear of the practitioner.
Mineralization is a modification of the tubercle which becomes calcareous and cret:1ceous, remaining in the parenchyma as a
foreign element, with aU power of evolution suspended. M. Guéneau de :Mussy believes that this cretaceous transformation
occurs frequently in artlu'itic constitutions
- which would explain those observations
in which the tuberculous diathesis is linked
with rheumatic and gouty manifestations.
During certain periods of suspension, 01'
at least of del~y,
of phthisis, recourse
sh0111d be had to our waters, especially
when the patient is infirm or debilitated.
BeUer results may be anticipated when
consumptive patients are of a langl1id,
torpid, reduced constitution, thall wh en of
an inflammatory, nervous, and irritable
constitution. It is important to remain
within due limits, which, if exceeded, excite
febril~
'éxacerbations, congestion, hœmop-
�PHTHISIS.
tysis, directly affecting the pulmonary
.system . Not only tubercles, but all the
accompanying symptoms hastening its development, are treated by our course.
Baths taken rather lower than the temperatme of the body, of short duration, at
nrst occasion a slight oppression and quickening of the breath, but gradually the cough
lS soothed, expectoration facilitated, the
pulse beats regularly, and the temperature
After the bath the patient
is lowered. ~<
breathes freely, appetite increases, the pulse
is lowered by twelve, twenty-sometimes
twenty-eight-pulsations; the temperature
falls about two pel' cent., perspiration diminishes or even subsides, a'D.d sleep returns.
To resume, baths facilitate respiration by
stimulating the action orthe SkUl, and of the
supplementary breathing functions. They
also fortify the ski n, render it impervious to
cold, and produce on the general system a
feeling of bien-être, due to the bracing effect.
Douches render great services in the
therapeutics of consumption by their retrooTade action on diathesic affections, and
,. Dnrantl.Fardel, "Eaux Minérales de la Fran ce."
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
the equilibrium imparted to the cntaneous
fi.mctions. Local douches applied to the
lower limbs, seconded by shampooing and
friction, obviate the vicious distribution
of caloric. A fluxion is produced by the
increased cutaneous calorification, and improved circulation, which frequently averts
local congestion, ensues.
In women, the uterus is the startingpoint of congestion, ai1d, unfortunately,
many consnmptive women thus lose menstruation, which may be facilitated by hip
baths, injections, and local douches on the
lower limbs. Should it then recul' puncthrice, there is every
tually twice o~
prospect of a regular continuation, by
which the congestive movements of the
lungs are subdued:
Inhalations especially facilitate expectoration, and diminish the fatiguing cough
of consumptive patients.
The sulphur absorbed in the mncous
membrane diminishes those abundant and
exhausting secretions; aIl the aft'ected parts
th us coming in contact with the mineralized
elementi. "
�PHTH1S!S.
7I
Sulphur waters have been often accused
of promoting hœmoptysis. Might not this
complication be ascribed to the fatigue of
the journey, and the change of atmospheric
pressure?
l entirely differ from sorne of my
colleagues in the Pyrenees, who calmly
survey the advent of hœmoptysis as a
natural and even beneficial result of the
commencement of the course. When called
on to attend such cases, aftel' two or
three days of our treatment l invariably
prescribe great moderation and ca.ution.
However, when, in spite of all precautions,
these symptomR continue with perspirationand Febrile indications, the course must be
abandoned.
Frequently, patients unable to remain in
certain spots renowned for their good effects
in pulmonary affections, derive great benefit
at Aix and Marlioz.
The elevation of
these two stations not being high, whilst
the air is exceptionally pure, consumptive
patients aJ'e favoured with the most important curative elements to meet their
case.
�A IX-LES -BAIN S .
SY PHIL l TIC DISE ASES .
waters are renowned in the treatment of syphilis. Ali doctors in describing
them have publis hed observations on this
cluss of disease. But their chemical and
elimin ati ve action on the specific poison
canno t be precisely indica ted, nor can any
observations be relied on unless confirmed
by many years of careful superintendence,
as the symptoms sometimes recur at a
subseq uent period .
. l have seen, in my own practice, a gentle man in whom, after an interv al of eleven
years, the old sY]Jhilitic manifestations returned after a severe course of baths a.nd
douches.
Sulphur water s do not act as a specifie
agains t syphil itic virus. Mercu ry alone has
power to eradic ate that poison .
The eliminating action of Aix waters on
the excret ory system, in combination with
the intern aI use of MaTlioz and Challes
water, becomes a powerful depura tive, especiaUy in invete rate and obstin ate cases.
.
For more than a centur y sulphu r waters
OUR
)
�SYPHILI TIC DISEASES.
73
have enjoyed the reputation of revealing
latent syphilis. In 1857, the H ydrologic
Society of Paris took this question in hand,
and named a eommission, which concluded
tha.t: Sulphu1' waters olten '/'eveal latent
syphilis, and are useful as tests of the p1'esence
.of sypMli;:; in the system.
Since then, in all thermal stations this
law has been confirmed by caref111 observations. Many medical men of Aix (Savoy),
,Carlsbad, Aix-la-Chapelle, Ba.gnères de
Luchon, Schinznach, &c., have published
illteresting illustrations of this facto
Dr. Hermann, of SchinzutLch, terms the
ulphureous watel' the reactive against
syphilis, and although not infallible, this
view to a certain extent is confirmed by my
experience. While admitting the legitimate
use of mineraI s111phnreou' water in this
important point o~ diagnosis, l believe that
rare exceptions occur, especially when a very
long treatment has not been undergone.
The duration of the cure cannot be
limited to the fashionable course of oneand-twenty days, a long gl'aduated and
interrupted treatment is essential in order
�74
AIX-LES-BAINS.
to obtain the double result of excitation
and manifestation. The latent state exists
especially in lymphatic and strumous natures dencient in reactive energy.
N owhere better than at Aix can be found
the means of graduating the temperature
and sulphuration of the douches and
vapour baths, so as to stimulate cachectic
and feeble constitutions.
VioTe must pay special attention to the
thermality, ~hic
is the sole bond of union
between the watel' containing chloride of
sodium used in Germany against syphilis,
and the sulphureous springs employed with
tbe same beneficial results in France and
Spain. The Spanif-lh hydrologists assert
that the springs of Murcia, Carratraca, &c.,
are by themselves specific against syphilis.
Aftel' the internaI use of Challes water,
so rich in mineraI elements, secondaIT
symptoms frequently disappeal'.
The treatment at Aix acts energetically
against mercurialism, which often complicates the syphilitic cachexy. The water
retards "4he salivation produced by mel'cury
and aIl' ~ther
mercurial phenomena.
�SYPHILITIC DISEASES.
75
The elimination of mercury by suJphur
has been long recognized. Dr. Blanc published many years ago a pamphlet on the
elimination of mercury by the skin resulting from the use of the sulphureous medication.
l have often 0 bserved the presence of
mercury in a metallic state in the urine of
patients after sorne days of treatment.
Hermann had already detected mercury
in the stools of his patients affectell by
mercurialism.
Durand-Fardel offers the fûllowing explanation of the action produced by
sulphureous water :-" It can be obtained
evary mineraI water at high
from n~arly
temperature, whether the mineralizatioll be
weak or strong, but it especially belongs
to thermal sulphureous water."
If sorne specifie symptom appears, we
prescribe a severe internal or extrn<~l
specifie medication, to be followed at intervals during sorne years, as urged by
Professor :Fournier, until the patient is conyinced that a perrnan nt cure is effected.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
SCROFULA.
of scrofula are most frequently met
with among the young people resorting to
ourbaths. The sulphureous waters,seconded
by the internaI use of Challes water, exercise
a stimulating, invigorating, and restorative
influence. During many years the beneficial action of the Challes springs was
ascribed to the slight quantity of iodine
contained in them ; fUl"ther researches have
demonstrated that it is due to the elements
of sulphide of sodium, which has the
double effect of increasing t~e
power of
nutrition and diminishing the glandular
exudations, thus permitting a better cir.culation of lymph.
We do not believe in the alterativo antiscrofulous properties attributed to certain
German baths. \Ve know the effect of
.clùorine on blood as a chemical experiment ;
but the general action of mineraI water on
the entire system is not that of a chemical
agent. The modus opel'andi generaUy
.depenÇls , on the association of di1'erent
CASES
.'
�SCROFULA.
77
chemical principles and on the application
of the hydro -mineral system of treatment.
The vitality of the skin is thus increased,
the nerves and muscles are strengthened,
ail the functions are stimulated, especially
those of the lymphatic system. We succeed
chiefly in the torpid forms of scrofula.
Amongst the numerous cases of scrofula,.
cured by our waters, l will only mention
two cases of erythematous lupus of the
face, and three cases of lupus rodens, completely cured after two months of baths
and spray of Challes water.
The greatest proportion of scrofulous
affections at Aix are manifested by diathesis of the bones and articulations; in
the latter case the injury probably commences in the synovial membranes or in
the epiphyses. The surrounding parts are
tumefied and fungous, and every sort of
affection, from simple abscess to clusters of
D.stula, from stiffness of articulation to
subluxation, may be encountered. Femoral
affection is unfortunately the most frequent.
We will not repeat our general observa~
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
tions on ar6cular diseases, but only udd
that constitutional scrofula aggravates them
to an alarming ex,tent. R ence arise caries,
necrosis, or simply osteitis and pe1·io. titis,
with abscesses and fistulœ in the articulations. Douches, especially vapour baths,
stimulate the granulation of the ulcers, of
the bony and fibro-muscular tissues, distending and eliminating. the degenerated
pieces of bone. Frequently, this elimination occurs long after the cure which produced it.
M. Petrequin has demonstrated the
efficacy of our course in cases of scrofulouf?
ophthalmia.
The alterative and tonic action may be
manifested, but not completed, in the short
space of twenty-one days in deeply rooted
affections, such as scrofllla. Long n,nd carefuI treatment under medical guidance can
alo ne eradicate the disease.
SKIN DISEASES.
THE bath as a local effect is a simple
panserTfent of the dermatosis; as a general
on the nervous system, and if
effect it' a~ts
�SKIN DISEASES.
79
the cutaneous affection arises from constitutional disturbance, such modifications may
ensue as to ensure thorough recovery. The
greater the absorption of the sulphureous
,eIement, the more hopeful are the prospects
.of a cure. This absorption, slight when
the sk.in is dry and BeaI)", is very great
in moist affections where the mucous parts
are exposed to the air.
Skin diseases may be of rheumatic or
gouty nature. Sulphur waters only act in
chronic cases ; in the first place, of those
resulting from rheumatism, such as eczema,
herpetic erythema, acne, lichen; and from
go ut, psoriaris, eczema, prurigo, acne, &c.
The inveterate form of psoriasis is the
commonest at AL'{, and l'esults equal1y
fi'om gout and rheumatism. Our waters
unaided do not e:ffect the cure; but under
their influence the patches become fainter,
the scales faH from the skin, and the absûrption and action of internaI medicÎlles are
facili tated.
l never continue the course in those cases
where acute symptoms reappeal', but l
remember three recent cases of torpid
�80
AIX-LES-BAINS.
psoriasis, which being of rheumatic origin
were completely cured at Aix.
Prurigo results from want of vitality
in the skin. The mineralization of our baths
suffices to arouse the torpid functions without irl'itating the skin : l have treated snccessfully, by means of simple tepid baths,
patients covered vvith pimples which
caused unbearable itching.
Eczema.-Sulphur has long been C011sidered the specific cure of the malady, but
l am inclined to modify this view, and not
to employ in excess sulphur waters (Aix,
Challes, or Marlioz), where theÏr action
stops too rapidly the progress of eczema.
l once saw a chi1d nearly killed by
three days' long application of Challes
water, which suddenly stopped an attack
of impetjgo capitis of the scalp. The
first effect of sulphur baths on eczema
is to exaggerate the symptoms; but
if the treatment is followed at leisure,
the manifestations gradually disappear;
our hospital patients derive the greatest
bene:tit i~ these cases, because they do not
.'
�81
D1SEASES OF WOMEN.
l'equire to hurry the course, and their tonic
treatment is thus unaccompanied by fatigue.
Herpes.-We do not observe any amelioration in cases of shingles, of herpes preputialis.
Acne.-Here the tonic and stimulating
swimming baths are most efficacious, with
local spray directed on the part affected.
The . suppuration and clcatrization of the
small pustules are hastened without leaving
hard red tumours.
Thus it is evident that the category of
dermatosis infl.uenced by our waters is
limited, but in those referred to their local
effects and tonic action are very remarkable.
DISEASES OF WOMEN.
Simple
and Follicular Vaginitis.-
The irritation so troublesome in this disease, wh en connected with eczema, or
having rheumat.i.c tendeney, is greatly
alleviated by the use of sulphur baths.
Frequently the sebaeeous follicles of the
mueous membrane of the vagma are
G
�82
AIX-LES-BAINS.
inflam ed, and produce disturbances of t he
general health, with discharges, pains in
the back and thighs, constrict ion of the
sphincter, and great sensibili ty in walking,
. the uterus remaining in its normal state.
l have invariahly treated these cases by
a comse of plunge baths of Aix watel',
of hip baths of Marlioz water, and
inj ections of Ohalles water, especiallyavoiding cold vaginal injections. The mode of
administering inj ections requires skilful
attention. Two yea.rs ago l performed on
one of ruy pa.tients affected by va.ginal
leucorrhœa the excision of a series of
granulations so ha rd and voluminous that
l feared for one moment they were of a
nature of epithelial cancer. Afterwards l
was enabled successfully to introduce a
canula and a bath speculum. This t reatment lasted fort Y days. l saw her six
months afterwards, leucorrhœa and mental
depression previously evident had completely disappeal'ed.
Hœmatocele.-A
remarkable instance of
.
)
a lady' affiicted with hœmatocele (retro-
�DISEASES OF WOMEN.
83
uterine) was sent to me by one of the
leading physicians of Paris.
M lS. M--, aged forty-four, periods
regular, feeble constitution and circulation;
one child; complains, after walking, of violent pain in abdomen; is sometimes sick,
frequently requires to empty bladder, had
itching of the rectum, small tumour in the
pelvis appreciable through the vagina in the
posterior walls. This was her state when
first l saw her on the 2nd of August, 1880. l
immediately prescribed a course of simple
sulphureous baths at 96° to be taken every
morning, with hip baths and slight vagillal
injections of Challes wat3r during twenty
minutes at night, and two tumblers of
Challes water to be drunk daily. After
thirty-four baths Mrs. M-- left Aix completely cured. l often see her in Pm1s; the
periods are regular, the micturition is quite
normal, and she has not experienced any
return of the symptoms. This cure was
due to the alterati ve properties of Challes
water, and to the general stiulUlating
effects of ulphur baths.
G 2
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
Uterine Diseases.- W e will only allude
to Amenorrhœa and Dysmenor1·hœa. When
these diseases are not produced by natural
deformity requiring surgical intervention,
they resLùt from general conditions to
which the stimulating action of our waters
affurds certain relief
To women of a
certain age l prescribe douches and shampooing. Y oung girls should resort to the
swimming bath, as that invigorating exercise adds to the stimulating effect of the
waters.
Metritis-Ulceration - Leucorrhœa.-
The study of uterine affections proves
that the greatest number result from
chronic metritis, which, with occasional
traumatic exceptions, start from sorne kind
of diathesi. If, according to eminent
pathologists, the greatest proportion of
cases of laryngo-pharyngitis ma,y be traced
to dermatosis, tha,t result is also frequently
met with in affections of the uterine mucous membrane, such as follicuJar catarrhal
metritis and consecutive leucorrhœa. Displace~é;ts
and aU their neuro-pathogcnic
�DISEASES OF WOMEN.
85
concomitants, such as anœmia, nervousness,
dyspepsia, insomnia, weakness, and weight
in the abdomen, are under the influence of
uterine disorder. It is most interesting to
follow the evolutions of this diathesic state,
sometimes localized in the vaginal or uterine
mucous membrane, sometimes producing
broncbitis or aCULe a,ngina, which in turn
give place to eruptions of the 0apillary
or other portions of the cutaneous covering.
Another cause of uterine congestion, and,
in sympathy, of aU disorders resulting
from the lesion of so delicate an org::m, is
rheumatic diathesis.
The baths and douches of Marlioz are
adapted to the purely herpetic state; those
of Aix to rheumatic complication. Our
medication, whilst determining a revulsion
on the entire cutaneous surface, re-establishes the functions of the skin. " By
intense sudations it reduces morbid tendency, and substitutes perspiration by the
pores for the leucorrhœic discharg .""
Experience has proved the pernicious
"" Courty, "MaladieB Uterines."
�86
AIX-LES-BAINS.
influence of cold water on these delicate
organs. l remember, amongst others, t he
case of a lady suffering from elu'onic uterine
catarrh, who, after taking thœe cold hip
baths, and three cold local injections, was
attacked by a very serious metro-ovaritis.
The conclusive arguments of Virchow-:<
demonstrate that the contraction of the
arterial system due to colel leads to congestion of the internaI organs, and especially to that of a uterus aIready enlarged.
We are by no means surprised when
consulted by women who return from sea
baths and hydropathic stations, with an
exaggeration of those symptoms which accompany metritis-such as a sensation of
heaviness and weight in the hypogastric,
uterine colics, dysmenorrhœa, throbbing
with tenderness about the groins and
perineum, hyperœsthesia, and itching of
the vulva.
The abuse of st!'ong repeated injections
is also pernicious; since there are cases in
* Virchoy" "PhYf\iologische Beschwerungen über das
Seebac1en/' page 89.
�DISEASES OF WOivIEN.
87
which. inj ections increase the natural irritability. Therefore we substitute the use of
speculums of gutta percha or metal in the
bath, as -they can be easily introduced and
kept in place by the patient; and the
organ thus profits by the bath without the
irritation of a sudden shock, or of a different
temperature produced by the inj ection.
We have especially noted the advantage
of this bath of the womb in ordinary cases
of tumefaction of the glandulœ and follicles
of the cervÏx; the patient feels .how far she
can introduce the instrument without tearing the sensitive granulations. "The thermal
treatment of chronic metritis, conslsting of
prolonged baths, and swimming baths is
particularly efficacious. Vaginal irrigations
modifj catarrhal surfaces, but vaginal
douches should be almost entirelyabolished,
as they excite congestion, and 'Llterine a,n d
peri-uterine neuralgia."''''
M. Denos, physician of the HÔpital la
Pitié, t ad vises powerful application of thera'10 Durand-Farde!, "J... eçons à l'Ecole Pratiqne," 1:'.
1874·
t "Annales de Gynécologie." 1876.
2 12 .
�88
AIX-LES-BAINS.
peutic agencies in cases of torpid rnetritis,
and rnetritis cornplicated by rheurnatic or
gouty diathesis.
We have frequently observed as an
equally important result of a course of
baths, the power of stimulating the effects
of local treatment previously abortive,
especially in cases of torpid rnetritis complicated by scrof1.ùa. When the reaction
is thus eft'ected, astringent, emollient, or
caustiù remedies may be applied according
to the case.
Displacements, and prolapsus generally
produced by metritis, disappear when the
origin is eradicated. Tonic sulphureous
treatment acts also most efficaciously on
relaxation of the ligaments.
FÙ'st Case of Ulceration of Labia Uteri
cw·ed at Aix.-Madame 0--, twenty-five
years old, arrived at Aix, June, 1874; of
good constitution but Iymphatic temperament; she commenced menstruation at the
age of fifteen without pain; married at
eighte.en, she had a child fift en months
afterwatàs, and subsequently suffered
acutc agony in the hypogastric reglOns,
�DISEASES OF WOMEN.
89
with white discharge after the monthly
epochs; pel vic and sacral pain increasing in intensity whilst walking and driving; and great mental depression. There
was an evident eongestion of the cervL""C ;
a.nd l observed through the speculum
an indolent bleeding ulcer of no great
depth. Madame C- - had been cauterized
eight times without result; as there appeared to be no displacement of the organ
l l'ecommended simple swimming baths.
After the fifth, the patient complained of
a discharge of muco-pus, and consented
to my proposaI of a general cauteriza.tion
of the ulcerated parts. Three days afterward l prescl'ibed one tepid hip-bath and
injection, to be followed by the ordinary
large baths, with an internaI bath by means
of the speculum.
By degrees Madame C-- was enabled
to walk in comfort, the monthly epochs
occurl'ed in theu' usual course without
suffel'ing; and aftel' tbil'ty baths she was
completely cured. l advised her to take
walking oxel'cise and frequent tonies, and
invariably to l'est a.fter expel'iencing the
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
slightest fatigue. She has been very weIl
ever SInce.
Second Case ,' Ch1'onic Met1,itis proceeding
,/rom Rheumatism. - Madame V - - , twentythree years old, married two years, of weak
constitution and lymphatie temperament;
had inhabited ever sinee her marriage a
new damp house; had no family. · Three
months after her marriage, whilst suffering from dysmenorrhœa, she was seized
with acute pelvic pains and violent backa.che, whieh she attributed to a drive in an
open carriage on a damp cold day. Treated
by a midwife, whose diagnosis she could
not produce, she had taken baths and
injections, with applications of blisters and
leeches on the hypogastric region, and thus
passed eighteen months without experiencing the slightest relief. She arrived at Aix in
the beginning of the summer of 1874 with
general health greatly impaired and difficult
digestion j aU chronic pains increased whilst
walking or sitting upright; irritability of
the bl!15ider, fulness and heat about pel vis;
the cervix pnshed forward in a state of
�DISEASES OF WOivfEN.
9[
prolapsus, hard, and sensitive. The uterine
ca.theter entered easily to a distance of
about six centimetres. In this evident ca:se
of uterine and peri-uterine inflammation,
l prescribed iodide of iron befo1'e meals, a
tumbler of Marlioz water at night, and
daily tepid Aix baths with the speculum
bath; the case being of too inflammatorya
nature to support more stimulating injections. After seven baths, as the patient
corn plained of pains in the shoulder
and wrist, l deemed jt prudent to discontinue the treatrnent, and the pains
~easd
.
l then recommended hip baths,
.accompanied by douches to the back and
shfLmpooing of the limbs; the patient then
to be swathed until gentle perspiration
ensued. After eight douches the monthly
epochs returned more a,b undant and satisfactory in colour, necessitating five days
()f complete repose. An examina.tion
th en pointed out great local improvement;
the cer vix, less hard and volurninous, had
bocome supple. By my directions the
douches were resumed and mild irriga-
\ ,
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
tion of sulphureous water were substituted
for the speculum bath; this treatment,
with occasional interludes of tepid baths,
was continued until the ensuing epoch,
which passed without the slightest symptom of pain. After two months, during
whi.ch ~ladme
V-- had taken twelve
baths and ei.ghteen douches, she left Aix,
her local as weil as general state completely
re-established.
Uterine Tumour.-Our waters do not
invariably eradicate this disease, which
frequently necessitates surgical intervention; but the progress of fibrous tumour. of
hysteroma, and of cystic growths in th
womb, is often suspended by the exciting
influence of the course ; and this brief
summary demonstrates that general sterility
may be cured as weil as the causes which
produce it.
Disturbances at the Epoch of Change
ofLife.-The chapter of women's diseases
would be in complete without a refer nce
to th~ . . ?illn sses occurring at the critical
period ad vuntageously treated at Aix. Th
�HYSTERIA .
93
functions of the skin correspond with aU
organic, more especially the uterjne, funct ions. Therefore, when the latter is suppressed, t he entire cutaneous system is
affected, according to the special tendency
of each individual, by congestion of the
brain, neuralgia, sick headaches, dermatosis,
congesrheumatism, gout, h~morjds,
tion of the respiratory organ s, &c. Our
general bathing system, our douches and
shampooing, by improving the circulation
of the blood through the capillary surface,
avert these critical and often dangerous
symptoms, whilst stimulating the general
orgallic functions . .
HYSTERIA.
A variety of pathological cases, vaguely
denominated nervous, to which women
are liable, are connected with hysteria.
They cannot be defined, because, in spite
of their existence and the havoc they
produce, no specific effect is observable
on the organic system. These are the
general symptoms among women frequent-
�94
A IX-LES ·BAIN S.
ing our baths : impatience, anxiet y, insomnia, vague fioating pains, feelings of
suffocation, convulsive outbre~ks
of cries
or laught er, occasionally with hiccou gh;
tempo rary weakn ess of a limb, tacit resistance to exercise, freque nt loss of appeti te,
accompanied by dyspe psia; more rarely
digestive distur bance s leadin g to rapid
decline. It is very difficult to denne the
causes of these affections during the course
of twent y days' medical attend ance; nervosism may be engen dered by rheumatic,
syphilitic or herpet ie diathesis, by functional troubl es or uterin e affections, or
by menta l anxie ty; more freque ntly it is
conn8cted with a eutaneOLlS hyper œsthe sia
result ing from torpid funetions of the slâu.
We have alread y noted the satisfa ctory
effects of our treatm ent in diatheses, as
wel1 as in anœmia and uterin e diseases.
Locally asc:ending cold baths, with general
douches of short durati on and slight ly
higher but still tonie tempe rature , often
pl'oduç~
) the best results . Wh en neuropathy is allied to a distur banee of the
�AN./EJ1,fIA AND CHLOROSIS.
95
cutaneous functions, how can a more
efficacious mode of j udging the case be
found than our Scotch douche ~
Referring to the work of Dr. Playfair
and the system prescribed by him for hysteria, which l puLlished in French, l may
mention that at Aix are found thoroughly
trained shampooers, and that women completely isolated from thei1' families and
general surroundings resort to Aix for
treatment, following there the conditions
imposed by Weil', Mitchell and Playfai1'.
AN.lEMIA AND CHLOR OSIS.
By sorne amBmia has been considered as a
symptom, by othe1's as a specific illness;
but aIl agree that it resu]ts from poverty of
blood ancl excess of its watery element.
Auœmia evidently comprises chlo1'osis,
which is one of the forms in which it
attacks young people. As anœmia is a
morbid condition of the blood, aU the
tissues and organs are therehy affected.
Whatever rnay be its origin, our douches
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
- of which it is easy to modify the strength,
temper11ture, and sulphureous elementproduce the best effects.
Children and young girls arriving at Aix,
pale, haggard, bloodless, assume in a very
few da.ys a hea.lthy aspect. The doctor
directs the thermal course a.ccording to
the impressionability of the patient,
avoiding low temperature, as reaction is
difficult in bloodless natures, and equaJly
very high temperature which tends to
incre11se the general enervation. Where
atony precludes reaction simple baths
of short duration should be taken; th en
swimming baths; and douches, with
gentle shampooing, as soon as the
exciting properties of our waters have
€stablished l'eaction. Sweatillg and perspiration should be avoided, not on account
of risk of diaphoresis in anœmic cases, but
in order to induce the patient to bring
about his own reaction, th us more effectu1111y
tonicizing the cutaneous covering through
this 'pJiysiological effort. Envious critjcs
have vainly sought to injure the reputation
�AN/EMIA AND CHLOROSIS.
97
of AL~
by attributing abundant diaphoresis
to the hydro-thermal treatment. " Fol'
profuse perspiration cannot provoke adulteration of the blood: physiology forbids
us to believe in anremia caused by perspiration, and clinical observations confÎ.rm these
negative data."* l on]y cite one case of
anremia cured at Aix, in the summer of 1 874 :
Case of Anœm i a. - Miss 0 - -, a
Scotch woman, had lived in the c01mtry
until the age of seventeen; then during
eleven yenrs had resided in London as
daily governess, undergoing every sort of
privation, and working dayand night for
bare subsistence, without thought or care
of her health. In the winter of 1878- 79,
a general feeling of debility aroused her
anxiety. l fÎ.rst saw hel' at Aix with no
family whom l attended. Her forehead,
neck and armpits, as wen as the backs of
the hands and wrists, were covered with
brown patch es) the more evident from being
surrounded with white circles of vitiligo.
* P rofessor Lee, "Leçons do Pathologie expel'imentnle," p. 89. 1867H
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
1 observed, in addition, every other
anœmic symptom; weak lymphatic pulse,
congestion of the head, vague and erratic
neuralric pains, drowsiness, tingling in
the limbs, dyspepsia, constipation, discoloration of the eyelids and gums, pallor
and discoloration of the skin, with dysmenorrhœa and leucorrhœa-most alarming to the patient, although there was
nothing abnormal in the secretions. l
imI11ediately prescribed twel ve sulphureous
baths of fifteen minutes' duration, and
three glasses of Saint Lucian (alkaline)
water daily. From the first the patient
consented to walk for a few minutes aftel'
each bath. As reaction was thus produced
l substituted mild tepid douches, which
succeeded in ail respects. The appetite
improved daily, whilst constipatioll ceased
to trouble her. Aftel' thirty days of this
gentle treatment, there were such evident
signs of amelioration that it was c1eemed
ac1visab\e to prolong it . Alternate swimming . baths anù douches, with occasional
days of rest during thirty days, completed
�AN/EJ1IIA AND CHLOROSIS.
99
the comse, and when she left, at the end
of August, aU anœmic symptoms had clisappeared. In Derember she wrote that·
there remained no sign of the bl'own patches,
and only sorne white marks, the result of
the vitiligo, which l had noticed on her
arrivaI a,t Aix.
These waters have no actual anti-anœmic
or anti-chlorotic qualities which belong
But
Bxclusi vely to ferruginous waters.
how rarely can anœmic patients support the
tonic treatment of il'on, which js constantly
im peded by gastralgia, 01' by 0 bstinate
constipation. Externat sulphureous treatment is easily supported, and l a,lways
prescrihe the waters of La Bauche, 01'ezz:1.
or Bussang, tu b drunk when they can
he a,ssimilated.
Many of my p:üients,
nnable to endure the stimulating eftècts
of sea, baths, or the congestive effects of
the Sp:1S of Spa, Schwalbach, or Franzenbad, derive benefit from our Douches en
cercle a.nd swimming baths a,ccompanied
by sprinkling with cold wn,ter.
H2
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
100
MYXŒDEMA (by Ord)--CACHEXIEPACHYDERMIQUE (by Charcot) .
THIS malady was nrst denominated by Sir
William Gull a cretinoid state affecting women in the adult stage of life, subsequently m:yxcedema by Dr. Ord, and Cachexie Pachydej'mique by Professor Charcot.
Hs etiology has been of late the snbject of
serious study in France and England; a.nd
in 1882 was exhaustively discussed in
severai meetings of the Clinical Society of
London, by those eminent practitionersHeron, Goodhal't, Marcet, F. Taylor, Hadden, Seymour, Ord, Taylor, Dyce Duckworth, Mahomed, Cavafy, and Hawrd.~'
The publications of Hadden, t and the interesting notes of MM. Reverdin, Professor&
and Surgeons of Geneva,t thl'oW fl'esh light
on th origin of the disease, without
satjsfactorily deciding it. ])1'. Mayor of
*
Bi·t.~
' . Medical JoU/mal,
J
882, pp. 80-424.
t Hadden, " The Norvous Symptoms of Myxœc1ema."
t "Vingt et deux Operations de Goîtres," li evuc{
llIédicale de l c~ 81,i880. Romande, Juin, 1883.
�i11YXŒDEJ1/A.
101
Geneva, after analyzing :ill previous publications, conclude that it is a le ion of the
.sympathetic nerve.* It would be superfluous to detail the symptoms of au illness
nOW so generally understood, but the
observa.tions of MM. J. L. and Aug. Reverdin
.and of Kocher of Berne on the identical
pheuomena of myxœdema, met with in cases
.of goître, when the thyroid gland had been
entirely removed, are too novel and interesting to be entl.Tely passed over. Dr.
Ord had already indicated the alteration
of this gland; according to him its atrophy
is an ordinary phenoruenon; thus it is
cunou to follow the l:onnection dis.covered by MM. Reverdin and Kocher
between the thyroid gland and the malady.
Certain observatiolls on myxœdema tend to
prove the atropb.y and alteration of the
thyroid, whilst, on the other hand, the
surgeons \vho have removed that thyroid
.affirm that tlu-ee or tour months after the
operation symptoms of ruyxœdema have
" R eU t~
)5, 188 3.
e
JlétZicale de la S zbÎsse.
Romande, Septembre
�102
AIX-LES-BAINS.
manifested themselves in their patients.
"Something analogous must occur in the
sympathetic nerve to what is produced in
the central nervous system, or spinal corel,
whereby muscular atrophy- primary or
secondary-induces peripheric lesion."*
Sorne doctors have callee! attention tIY
the evident diminution of urea observable
in these cases; Sir Andrew Olark wrote
to me two years ago, "vhen l was preparing my pamphlet, "that as Dr. Orel
was the first to publish his observations, he did not proceed fUl"ther with
some notes coUected and prepa.red by Dr.
Burnet and hi mself, establi.shing thaL the
fundamental factors of the disease are
imperfect kidney, combined with a failing
capillary circulation and feeble heart, and
that it does not take its origin in the
ne1'vous system, which only afterwards
becomes affected."
Whatever mny be the origin, it is a,
cachexia. 1 withont abnormal proliferation;
an intellectual and physical depressioll, 10.
'* R evue 1I1éclicalc Su,isse, p.
522 .
Mayor.
�MYXŒDEMA .
103
which the skin, being :6.rst and most
seriously affected, an exciting and stimulating external treatment becomes imperative. Three cases in which aftel' a
long period of attendance l fortunately
obtained s:-ttisfactory results ma)' provo
interesting, as l was the :6.rst to employ
our course in this affection; and presented
my observn.tions on thei.r salutary effect
to the Scienti:6.c Congress of Aix in September, 1882.
Fù'st Case.-Madame V-- was sent to
me in 1878, by Prof Charcut, with this
diagnosis (Cachexie pachyde1'mique); aged
fort y years; born in the Island of Zante.
This woman presented a face in the form
of a full moon, with a vacant expression,
. purple cheekbones, skin of a waxen hue,
eyelids swollen and hard to the touch, the
JJOse wide at the root, snuffiing voice, hands
and feet swollen, the hair fallen from the
armpits and pubes, head ahnost bald, slow
and measured gait. Illtellectual indolence
and heaviness, difficulty in xpressing herself, almost complete forgetfulness of
�J04
AIX-LES-BAINS.
English and ltalian, which she had spoken
perfectly; tongue thick, with a violet hue,
and the muscles of that organ very indolent.
Periods l'egular, but, the stomach functions
acting badly and in a bizarre mode, supporting only white wine slightly aci4; a
deeply rooted anœmia seems to result from
these combined phenomena; the character
melancholy and extremely irritable.
Immediately attacking the defective
functions of the skin, I submitted Madame
V - - to a series of sulphur baths, alternated with vapour baths.
From the
beginning the scales feU from the skin,
and did not reappear. This first success
encouraged the patient; and she subsequently took two courses of thirty days
each.
In 1880 Dr. Thaon, of Nice, thu.3 COllmented on the case in the Revue jJlledicoChù'urgicale ;-" The patient is much better
after passing two seasons at Aix. Most of
the symptoms are improved: the face, eyelids and lips are less swollen, the skin of
the extremities is less hard, speech less
�MYXŒDEMA .
slow, and the patient is enabled to take
long walks ."
Three years have elapsed since these lines
were pellned, and M<tdame V -- passes
regularly three or four months at Aix, cont inuing the vapour baths, alternated with
sulphur baths. Wh en last she left- a. few
days ago-the mucous membrane a.nd the
-skin had lost the œdematic state, speech
was far more articulate, and the organs of
intelligence and memory had participated
in the general improvement; in proof of
this she again speaks the languages learned
in her youth. This cure is entirely due
to the external application of Aix waters,
for this patient positively refused every
kind of medicament.
Second Case.-Madame N--, sent last
J uly by Dr. Ord: aged thirty-four; had a
very hea.lthy child (no hereditary or personal
~ntecds
known); regular menstruation from the age of fifteen. The illn ss
first manifested its If six years ago by
spongy sensations in the finger., rlifficulty
in writing, pains in the side, flatulence,
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
106
and general debility; then gradually the
hair feU from the body, the skin became
scaly, the eyes swollen, the tongue thickened,
speech hsavy and embarrasse d, whilst intelligence diminished greatly. In this state
she first arrived. l subn;LÏtted her to a
similar course to the one quoted in the
preceding observations- alternate sulphur
baths n,t 96°, and vapour baths. After a
month the skin hn,d resumed its normal
state, but the mucoul:l membranes w:el'e in
no better condition, nor was speech less
difficult; muscular and intellectual n,ctivity
were completely restol'ed.
ThiTd Case.- Madume J--, fort y-four
years oId, was sent to me in August, 1882,
by Professor Charcot. Born and living in
Canada; she had had one daughter, in
perfect health, by whom she was accompanied. Madame J - - had never been ill
until about two years previous to 1l~r
ani val.
Hel' eyelids had snddenly become
.
swolle'n to such an extent aS almost to
conceal her Im'ge and well-shaped eyes;
the face assumed the aspect of a waxen
)
�MYXŒDEMA.
J07
mask in the shape of a full woon (Gull).
The cheekbones were not deeper Ül colom ~
the mouth was tumefied, the tongue enormous a.nd of violet colour, the voice n,-\'s3.1
and thick of uttemnce; impossible to take
between the fingers any portion of thetissues of the face which appeu,red stretchec1
as if covered with a layer of collodion.
Intelligence troubltd and depressed; t.emper impu,tient and irritable; she seaI"cely
took cognizance of the conversabon addressed to her. Teeth in dilapidated condition ; feet and hands massive; conRtipu,tion obstina te.
At first l encountered
steady disinclination to foJlow my pre-'
scriptions, which rendered the treatment
difficult. By dint of gentle persuasion l
u1timately induced her to take baths,
vapour douches, and spray on the face ~
~1.Dd
to this treatment the remarkable appearance of the waxen mask yielded, the
swelling in the eyelids diminished, the
eyes resumed their normal form, and the
I:lkin of the face the uS11al elasticity. Aftel'
fort y days the patient departed, with full
�108
A IX-LES-BAINS.
.confidence in the successful Issue of the
treatment.
PARALYSIS.
total or partial loss of sensibility or
motion, or of both, in one or more parts of
the body, constitutes a disease adapted to
the treatment of Aix, especially when due
to alteration of the blood, to eruptive,
typhoid, intermittent, or continued fever,
to diphtheria, reflex paralysis, &c.
Of this l 'will give but one instance : Madame B-- arrived last July; aged
twenty-seven; of good constitution, and
mother of three children; was attacked by
severe diphtheria which produced a comj s of the limbs eleven months
plete pGu~al'ys
befOl'e her arrivaI at Aix, After two
nionths' course of douches and shampooing,
attended with applications of continuous
,curren,ts, she left com}letely curod..
Lo~al
Paralysis.-Although Dot admittillg complote l'houmatic paraplogia, of
which l have not met with a single
THE
�PARALYSIS.
10;1'
instance, l observe in rheumatic and go nt y
people, after exposure to cold or to sudden ·
changes of temperature, sorne local incompiete paIsy, such as the facial paralysis of
Bell; paIsy of the muscles of the lower
extremities, or of the shoulder, which can
only be acconnted for by these extemai
influences. Many of these cases, yielding
readily to our tr'eatment, occur in my
practice.
Hysterical Paralysis.- When l observe paIsy of Olle lower extremity in
hysterical persons, l re::;ort to tepid baths,
followed by gentle shampooing wh il st the
patient is in bed.
Mercurial and Lead Palsy.--Having
already alluded to the excretol'y power
of OUI' water, due both to chemical and
physiological action, it follows that for lead
paisy our treatment is eminently successful.
In my practice l have met with two caseB
of complete recovery from paIsy of the
muscles (extensors) of the hands and fingers
l'esulting from lead poisoning.
�110
AIX-LES-BAINS.
In a case of paIsy of the fifth nerve due
to mercurial poison, l was equally successfuI; aftel' a very few days mastication
became quite easy. Combined wit11 the
specific eliminating power of sulphureous
w<~tAr,
the shock of the douches, and the
effect produced on the muscles and capilbry circulation by massage, constitute an
almost infallible cure.
When pal'alysis or paIsy is due to organlc .
altel'ation of the bl'ain, softening, induration, tubercular or cancerous, or to l'enal
degeneration, impl'ovement may be obtained, but never a complete cure.
SYPHILITIC P ARAL YSIS.
PARALYSIS or paIsy may be due to syphilitic
gummata. \Vitbout recurring to the treatment of the specific diseases, l only observé that the course of vapoar or douches
promotes the efficacy of success and facilitates the l'esolutioll of the gummata.
�HEMIPLEGIA .
III
HEMIPLEGIA.
orten due to cerebral hœmorrhage havir g for its seat the corpus striatum
and optic thalamus, affects the side opposite
to that where occurs lesion in the brain ;
the face and limbs may also be affected.
Hemiplegia produced by apoplexy is
sudden, and may be greatly benefiteà, if not
.entirely cured, by this treatment; but the
fitting moment is determined by the nature
of the inflammatory symptoms and their
effect on the constitution of the patient.
The sooner it can be resorted to the more
rapid is the resolution of the clot. VVhen
after two or three months congestive
phenomena have disappeared, the cure
obtainable by these different modes is commenced.
I. By re-absorption of the watery part of
the blood, a.nd solution more or less active
of the fibroma.
2. As the organ becomes habituated to
the compression of the clot, the nervous
circulation gradually returns and recovery
HEMIPLEGIA,
�112
A L-Y-LES-BAINS.
ensues, notwithstanding the existence of
the clot.
3. Such fibres as have been divided,
lacerated, or compressed by the blood, may
be replaced in their functions by the
adjacent fibres, just as one smaU artery
replaces another where a ligature has been
applied.
The dissolving and stimulating action
occurs Ül each of these modes of recovery.
During the last twenty years many satisfactory results have come under my notice,
üf which l give one very interesting case.
Bemiplegiadating jromfive months-Complete Reco1le?'y.-Oaptain P--, aged fiftyfive, of stl'ong constitution, without any
antel'iol' disease, arrived on the 20th of June,
1874. During February he had a sudden
atta.ck of apopJexy, followed by hemiplegia.
on the right side; arm more completely
paralysed than leg; sensation almost lost ;
tongu€' 'implicated; the joint tmning to
afiected side; tendency to shed tears. The
patient was submitted to slight douches and
shampooing which he bore very \VeIt and
�PARAPLEGIA.
II3
left after twellty-five days much improved.
Returned in August, recomm enced the same
course, after which he started for home
completely cured, ablA to write and shave.
In this case 1 prefer the douche ca lIed
des p1'inces neuf, where the vapour is not
accumulated in the douche.
P ARAPLEGIA.
THE same must be said of paralysis of the
lower limb:::. First as certain whether it
arises from disease of spinal cord or membranes-spinal meningitis, myelitis, congestion, softening, tumour, syphilitic disease
-or whether it is reflex-that is, due to
excitement reaching the cord from a sensitive ne1"\'e. vVhen blood is deficient in
the cord (Brown-Séqnard), diagnosis is
necessary for prescribing a proper course ot
baths or douches-no easy task. The treatment succeeds in reflex paraplegia when
enabled to attack the germ of the malady ;
and thrice in my practice good results
have occurred jn cases traced to uterine
J
�1I4
A IX-LES-BAINS.
clisease. In reflex paraplegia the stimulating
and invigorating course is always prescribed.
Paraplegia due to Myelitis, Meningitis, &.c. - The treatment of Aix is
strongly indicated in these cases. The
nutrition of the limbs is obtained by shampooing, stimulating douches or vapour ;
and gentle sprinkling of tepid water on
the spinal regiolls.
Diseases of the nervous system constitute
two-fifths of the illnesses seekillg relief at
our Baths. "Le traitement des Paralysies
est aussi un des fleurons de la couronne
thérapeutique d'Aix." li,
In conclusion:
1. Our medication, however frequently
used, never produces exasperation.
z. AH forms of paralysjs may be trcated
at Aix immediatelyaftel" the disappeanmce
of inflammatory symptoms.
3: I~
never produces injury in chronic
paralYsis.
4 . It stimulates nervous action and absorption of the clot.
0)1.
Lombard (of Genova).
�SURGICAL CASES.
115
5. It: is especially successful in specifie
paralysis.
6 . Cases of paIsy due to injury or to
special conditions of rheumatism or gout
are most certain of recovery.
Often in combination \Vith the thermal
,course l employ galvanic currents.
SURGICA L CASES.
l PEtESENTED to our College of Surgeons
in Paris a series of observations based on
.certain cases of the wounded during the
lute Franco-German war, tending to prove
that our wat.ers applied as indicated u,re a
sovereign remedy in such injuries.
FRACTURES.
bony callus is strengthenecl by our
treatment, but only after the last period
.of its formation. vVe recommencl in these
cases local vapour baths, followed by a,
slight massage of the muscular part, as the
stimulating action is first manifestecl on the
xtel'l1al tissues sometimes to the injury of
the cle0per ones. It is aclvantageous to
THE
l 2
�'16
A IX-LES·BAINS.
trGat on1y old fractures at Aix; the results
- atrophy, retractions, pains, anky1osis 7
swelling- benditing most by this course.
DISEASES OF THE JOINTS AND
BONES.
Joint Stiffness--Periostitis-Fis tula
- Ulcerations - Necrosis - Referring to
the classification of William Adams or
t hose cases in which forcib1e movements
are usefu1, l particular1y recommend a
previous course of our val our baths with
shampooing:
1. Cases of traumatic origin in hea1thy
constitutions generally occurring in the
adu1t.
2. Cases aftel' rhellmatic inflammation
of the joint.
3· Cases after strumous disease of the
·1oint.. ,1
4· Cases aftel' acute suppurative inflammation of pyœmic origin; and suppurat ive inflammation ln the neighbourhood of
and extending to the j oint.
�DISEASES OF THE BONES.
117
5. Cases consequent upon mnscular con-
tractions. *
Our local steam-baths are rnost efficacious
after those operations (forcible movements)
successfully perfonned by Drs. W. Adams,
and Wharton Bood.
Caries proceernng fromscrofula, from other
general conditions, or fi..om local influences,
,a re much improved uncler our treatment.
The baths erarncate the constitutional dis.order; the local vapour douches with sJight
massage improve the nutrition of the diseased part whilst encouraging the capillary
.circulation and the tissue changes. The OI"ganicmatter(glairine and barégine)contained
in our waters have a more beneficent effect in
these bone dises,ses tban any other external
applications. The elimination of the pie ces
.of bone is promoted, and cicatrization of the
tissue ensues. The course must be very carefully watched, a,nd aU precautions used to
avoid the risk of inflaming the parts ai:fected.
* "Selection of Cases for FOl'cible ~Iovemnt
'l'rcatm ent of Stiff Joints." TIy m. Adams.
,August, 188:!.)
,:V
in the
(Lecture,
�Ils
AIX-LES-BAINS.
ILLNESSES
FOR
WHICH
THE
WATERS OF AIX ARE UNAD ..
VISABLE.
years of local experiellce have con~
firmed the views of our predecessors of t,h e
past century in respect to those maladies
which ought not to be sent to Aix for
treatment, for our waters do not exercise
universal cures. Great::Ls is their efficacy
in the maladies enumerated, thei.r stimula~
iug eft'ect is equally prejudicial when tend~
ing to excite and increase the morbid
elements.
1. We have seen that the waters of
Aix are most effective in tre::Lting torpid
phthi sis, but they must be avoided in congestive phthisis complicated by intense
febril'e, ,1lymptoms and repeated hœmoptysis. In these cases I have never ",itnessed the amelioration traced by certain
doctors jn batbing-phces of a simibr nature
to ours.
TWENTY
�CANCE ROUS DISEA SES.
2,
11 9
Canc erous Disea ses.-N either Aix
nor any other mineraI water produces beneficial action Oil the heteromorphic tissues . l
have even observed in three cases an alarmingly rapicl increase of cancerous productions
in patien ts affected by cancerous cachex ia
after taking a few douches or simple baths.
Once l observed in a woman at the critical
period an invasion of cancer in the breast ;
in the second case it WF\,S an epithe lial
cancer of the œsoph agus; a third time it
was a cancerous tumou r of the stoma ch;
the progress was n,hvays most rapiÇ!.; ail the
virulence of the cancerous cachexia was
aroused and conce ntrate d on the spots
affected, Durin g the last twent y years a
reaction gains groun d agains t the opinion
of the water s being injurio us in ail cases of
heart affection,' Personally, l find in my
daily practice, as well as in the service
of the two hospitals, cases of rheumatism with cardiac co ml lications, which
yield to the influence of the treatm ent.
Last yen,r l called the attent ion of sorne
of my colleagues to a young child, aged
�120
AIX-LES-BAINS.
eleven years, in whom the most inexperienced ear cOllld detect severe pencarditis. The motion of the heart \vas
tumllltuous and perceptible from a distance, the respiration was hllrried. l
never heard such evident loud systolic
bellows murmur, and such manifest friction
sound. Commencing by mild tepid baths
l proceeded to administer slight tepid
douches with shampooing. After a month
of this gentle treatment with frequent
intervals of rest he left completely cured ;
il1creased il1tensity of natural sOlll1ds was
hardlyobservable.
l am happy to meet in the same order of
ideas my colleagne, Dr. Blanc, who agrees
that there is no counter-indication of our
course in cases of heart affection, such
as pericarditis and endoearditis resulting
fi'om rheumatie fever ; evidently when there
is a teudeney to syncope or œdema of the
taee or extremities, th treatment is dangerous, as also in atrophy or hypertrophy
of the heart, in dilation, or a,n emism
of the heart and of the large vesse]s, and
�SPRI NGS OF MARLIOZ.
12I
in angina pectoris. The best mode of
diagnosis in these cases is Dudgeou's
sphygmometer, which is portable and easy
to apply to the radial artery; or Dr. Oliver's
cardiagraph, equally portable and easy of
application. In nervous irritability or congestion of the brain our experience lS
.e qually opposed to this treatment.
SPRINGS OF MARLIOZ.
has justly partjcipated in the
development of Aix, since every effol-t has
been ma,de to improve and utilize its l'e~
sources. The springs, more sulphmeous
than any met with ill the Pyrenees, yield
an average of twenty thousancl litres
claily. The elements of iodine and chloride are invaluable in \liathesic Ci:1ses,
while the manganese is an excellent reconstituent.
The water of Marlioz bas great effect
on the urine, which it renders alk:tline, and
purifies frOID the unc acid produced by
MARLIOZ
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
J22
certain affections of the bladder; this alkaIization extends to perspiration and other
secretions. The general action has great
analogy with that of the waters of Aix.-I<
But the difforence of tempeTature and
of the proportion of free sl1lphuretted
hydrogen must be taken into :lccount.
At Marlioz, as well as at Enghien, Bonnes,
Allevard, &c., are found the best therapeutic
apparatus for respiratory and uterine diseases, and the most comfortable jnstallation
for baths and douches of mineraI water of
every degree, with natural cold water to
meet aU hydropathic indications.
The waters of Marlioz act the same as
those of Pierrefond, Enghien and Allevard
in affections of the respiratory organs.
Having indicated their general prop el'ties, l only add a careful analysis of
the .waters made by Bonjeau sorne· years
ago. "
.)
.. Sec th e" Aualysis of the Waters of Aix."
�12 3
SPRINGS OF MARLIOZ.
TE:llPERA.TURE, 57°
lu
FAllU.
1000 grains of water:Sulphuretted hydrogen ... ........ .
Carbonie acid .... .. ............. ... ..
Iodiue ...... .... .............. .. ........ . 0'0001944 gr.
Bromine ..... .... ..... . ..... .... ... .. . 0'00005 1 5 "
Sulphide 01 sodium .......... .. .. . 0'067
Sulphate 01 soda ........... . ... .. . 0' 02 5
of lime .... .. .... .......... . 0'002
""
of magnesia .. ......... . 0'0[8
Chloride 01 sodium ....... ..... .. ... . 0'0[8
"
of magnesium ... ... ... .. . 0'0[4
Carbonate of lime ...... ... .... .... . 0'186
"
of magnesia ., . ... .. .... 0'0 [ 2
"
of soda ... ... .. . .. .... ... 0'04 0
"
Silex".. ..... .... ...... ... ... ......... . .. 0'006
Carbonate of iron ....... ... ..... ... 0'0 r 3
"
of manganese ......... 0 '00 1
Slllphate of iron ......... ... ... .... .. 0'007
"
Glairin ........ . ... .. ... . ... intermediate quantity.
Jo s~
... . ..... .. ............ ..... .. .. . ... 0'01 7
Total... ...
0'426
"
There is a r egular omnibus. service between Aix and Marlioz, or the distance can
be performed on foot in less than twenty
minutes. The altitude is 850 feet. Most
comfol'table apartments are found in the
châten.u and villa adjacent to the Etablissement, and the Jarge picturesque park is
highly attractive.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
WATERS OF CHALLES.
and suosequently our colleague Dr. Cagalis, have by their detailed
observations reudered Challes one of the
most interesting spas in Europe.
These waters, highly impregnated wjth
indine, bromine, and sulphate of sodium,
situated at ten miles froID Aix, contribute
gr atly since first discovered to the general
effect of our tl'8atment. In my brief notice
l can but indicate the composition of the
mal'vellous springs which fo)' the last
thirty yeal'S have attl'acted the attention
of savants and practitioners
ChaIl s ranks the fil'st among sulphureous
,vatel' ; large quantiti sare tmnsported
daily 1,0 Aix without any deterioration of
thE? ~ineral
or sulphureous lelllent, and
form' an invaluable adj unct in ou)' ID dic::ttion, as altcrati ves, c1epuratives, 01' solv nts.
Although somewhat unplcasant in fla.vour,
l atients, ven children, l'al idly SUl'mount
their original av l'sion. These waters inDR. DO~IENGT,
�TVA TERS OF CHALLES.
125
crease when requisite the sulphurizn.tiün
of Aix baths; and are likewise ernployed
in injections and local applications.
Sorne years since, l presented to the
Medical Society of Savoy the following
note :"1 recornrnend lotions of Challes watel'
to patients losing their hair from pellagra,
serofula or herpes, presenting a cacheetic
type, and always sucees ft.ùly where the
roots of the hair n.re intact."
Since thn.t date furthel' expel'ienee ha
eonfirmed my opinion. Subjoined is the
analysis made by the distinguished chemist,
Cn.rrigou:
lu
1000
grains oC watel':-
Sulphul' (corresponùing tofreo sulphuretted
hyJrogen) ..................... ...
(corresponwng to combilleù sul·
phul'otteù hydl'ogen)as bisulphnret ......... .........
as monosulphul'ct ............
pl'obablyas polysulphul'ot...... ...
" a s hyposulphite ...... ...
"
Sulphul'ic acid ................................ . ...
"....................................
Silicic
Carbonic acid, free 01' as n. bicarbonate......
"
" combincd ............ ..... ... ... .
Phosphoric acid......................... ... ........
00140
0'0465
gr.
"
0'1 128
"
0'0189
"
0 '0050
"
0'03 90
"
0'0092
"
O' 1 162
"
0'0057
"
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
126
Nitric a.cid ........... ...................... ....... .. 0'0011 gr.
Chlorine . .. ...... ...... .... . ........ ..... ... ... .. .. .. 0 '0870 "
Bl'omille . ....... . ......... ... .. ... ... ..... ..... .... .. 0 '00 16 "
I odine .. . .. ..... ... .... .... .............. . ......... . . . 0'0089 "
Soda. ... ... ..... .. ..... ....... ... ,. ...... .... .. ...... 0 ·.J.749 "
Potash...... ......... ......... ... ...... ......... .. .... 0'0057 "
Ammonia .. . ... ..... .... ........... . .... ........... 0 '0022 "
J.Jime ... ..... .... ... ... ... .... .. .... .. ......... ..... . 0'0856 "
1J agnesia ...... ........... . ........... . ..... ..... ... 0 '002 T "
Alumiua ... ... ...... ....... .... ........ ... .. ......... 0'00022"
Iron .. .. .... .... . .. .. , ..... . ...... .. .... ......... ... ... 0'00039"
Manganese ..... .................... .. ...... ... .. . distinct traces .
Cobalt .. . ... ........... .... ................. . ..... . slight
"
Copper.. ............ ......... ..... ......... ..... .. a.bundant"
L ead ...................................... .. ....... .
ÙZ.
Alltimouy......... ............... ............... ...
traces.
Arsenic ............. ............. ....... '" ......... 0'000007 gr.
Dializcd organic matter ........ ........... ..... abundant.
Non-dializecl
......... .... .. abunc1ant enough.
Total.. ..... ..... ... ........ . 1 '023887 grs.
The tempe.rature is 53° Fahr. Challes
\Vatel' is twenty t imes l'icher in slliphide
of sodium than any other spring most
fa,voured in this particular.
. .'.,
ST. SIMON WATERS.
THIS spa, neglected during many years,
has recently l'esumed an important position
Ül the therapeutics of Aix.
�ST. SIMON WA TERS.
J 27
The water, unctuous to the touch,
without smell, of an agreeable flavour, has
a natural temperature of 67° F ahr. The
spring yields about 200,000 litres daily;
and contains, according to M. Kramer's
analysis, bicarbonate of lime, magnesia"
potash, iron, sulphate of magnesia, alum,
organiq matters, &c.
In prescribing this water for irritability
of the mucous of the stomach, the sedative
effects have always proved satisfactory.
Dr. Petrequin of Lyons has remarked
its excitillg influence on saliva, and l
often observe its special effect on urine,
::l.nd in cases of cystitis, when hot water
douches over-stirnulate the biadder, the
waters of St. Simon rapidly calm the pain
and inflammation. They are also efficaciolls
in cases of rheumatism with visceral
metastasis subj ect to gastric distmba,nces ;
and are very digestive as a dinner beverage, four to six glass es daily as si st the
digestion.
�128
AIX-LES-BAINS.
WHEY" CURE.
combination of whey cure with sulphureous treatment originated in Germany,
and i8 chiefly met with in Alpine and
Carpathian stations, more than twenty-five
being exclusively aclapted to consumption
and chronic affections of the respiratory
organs ;in the Pyrenees also the ha,ppiest
effects are produced.
In the parks of Aix and Marlioz, dairies
exist ,\yhere the patient drinks cows' or
goats' whey according to the prescription,
whilst taking exel'cise aftel' bathR and.
douches.
Acting as a mild aperient, whey succeeds
in cases of catarrh of the stomach when
not 'l:E~gutjn
from dyspepsia, and is invaluable in digestive atony and const.ipation, fl'equently occuning at the commencement of the course.
in hel'petic
As an alterative, it suct~ed
affections; also in nel'VOUS erethism and irriTHE
�ELECTRICITY.
12 9
tability, produced by the ear1y stage of
the treatment.
As a means of nutrition, whey is a great
resource to those enfeebled constitutions
which incapable of digesting the fatty and
caseine elements of milk are bene:fited
by the remaining component parts.
ELECTRI CITY.
witnessing the excellent resu
I t~
obtained by Drs. Onimus in Paris and
De Watteville in London, l yentured to
mploy at Aix the electric cUlTent; it is a
useful adj unct to the course, owing to its
stimulating and modifying efl'ects on nervous, muscular and articulaI' diseases; and
is also a diagnostic agent in paralytic
affections of doubtful nature. At first l
ncountered adverse criticism; but the
value of continuo us currents, which provoke neither spasms, organic disturbances,
nor depression, lS now recognized. lnduced
cUlTent~,
on the contrary, owing to their
AFTER.
K
�AIX-LE S-BAL VS.
irritat ing and excitin g influences, are often
counte rindic ated.
Contin uous curren ts are successfully
employed in cases of chronic rheumatism,
muscu lar atroph y, arthrit is, stiffness of
the joints, and different forms of paralysis .
. .;
'
�PART II.
GENERAL INDIOArrrONS.
K2
��CHEMINS DE FER DE PARIS,MARSEILLE,LITALIE ET LA SUISSE
1:1 AIX - I.L-:S -B_ \..I ,\ lSo
Hàlc
13cloll e.
o' Sio n
. lloc/Me T U RI~
~
I CE
°eJl10nIP<lhOT ~
o 'v\ARSE[L)
Carcasonll
~ o~
,
,1I'bonne
~:·/.'"
7,,".7:
·'.,.-r"7
�ROUTE BETWEEN PARIS AND
AIX-LES-BAINS.
FAREs :-First Class, fr. 71 c. 65; Second
Class, fr. 53 c. 70
The Rapid Tmin leaves Paris at 7 P.M.
and arrives at Aix at 5.33 A .M., taking
only ten hours and a half.
Another rapid train leaves Paris at
8.55 A.M., arriving at Aix at 8 .2 6 P.M.;
both convenient, without change of carnage.
There are ill<.1,ny other trains in the day.
���GENERAL COUP D'ŒIL OF THE
COUNTRY.
How can 1 better describe the varied
beauties of Aix than by quoting a portion
of" A Pastoral in Green ~"
"The green mountains gird in Aix-IesBains-t.he Alps of Grenoble and of Italy.
possessing not only sympathetic outlines,
but melodious colouring : symphonies in
grey rock; chorales in green grove and
bo ky dingle, in gurgling stream, and in
rushing river; dirges in dusky ravine and
sombre forest, where nightingales chant.
The purple tints too, so charming among
hills, cling to these Savoyard Alps willingly; pUI'ple shadows that gather as the
aftcrnoon sun lowel's, the green tints'
shoffing through like shot-silk.
" The Lake of Bourget,' shut out fi:om the
friendly little town of Aix by a long-
* Lill the Yea?' R ound, August 31,1878,
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
shaped, envious, bowery hill, has much to
do with the purple tints. Pm'ple mountain-tints show up readily from sea, lake,.
or big broad river; a friendly understanding,
as it were, between sky and water, reflected
on mountain-sides. Those purple shadows
are very dear to me, with that underlying
richness of untrodden emerald lawn and
rough woodland.
" Round the Lake of Bourget, and clinging about Aix, are belts and groves of
sycamore and fir, walnut and ash, limes
fragrant with blossoms, and lofty poplars
shaking in the breezE;; each mountaintree forming a brick as it were in green
walls, out of which the houses, and the
little châlets, the Etablissement des Bains,
the cathedral, the hotels, grow up like
mushrooms in a water-meadow."
It is not in my province to. eulogize tbe
attractions of my country. Let me rather
transcribe some of the graceful words of
a well-known and illOst poetic writer :'i':'_
'* Rigbt Hon. Lord Lamington: "Aix-lee-Bains and
Anuecy."-Nineteenth Centu?y, August, 1883.
�COUP D'ŒIL OF THE COUNTR Y.
137
"For those who wish · to combine the
pursuit of health with a, pleasant life and
beautiful scenery, there a.re fe,v places that
,offer so many advantages as Aix-les-Bains.
It is only one day's journey from Paris.
Those visitors who arrive in the early part
{)f the season, before every favoured spot
is thronged with bathers and tourists, will
be able to combine all the good to be deTived from the healiug waters and soft
,soothing air with a life full ofvarjed interest.
Lamartine resided some time at Aix: it
was here he vvrote 'Raphael,' which may
.serve as an excellent guide-book fol' the
,district. He makes Raphael select Aix as
a residence because it combines the charm
·of the beautiful valley and fertile plain
with the majesty of Alpine scenery, The
,district between Ohambéry and Annecy
,does not exceed sixtY miles, but these sixtY
miles are full of objects of interest; and
the two lakes of Bourget and Annecy are
not inferior in beauty to Maggiore and
Como. How deeply Lamartine was impressed with this scenery may be perceived
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
in every page of ' Raphael.' If Lamartine
has identilied himself with the lake of
Bourget, Rousseau, in ms 'Confessions,'
has achieved t,he same result at Chambéry;
while hjs early and later life passed at
.Annecy has added to the charm of that
picturesque town; while his description of
the lake invited so much attention to its
beauty that many followed his example
and built residences on its shores. Like
Byron, Scott, and Burns, Lamartine and
Rousseau have added to the charm of
scenery which is exceptionally lovely; in
'Raphael,' Lamartine observes that Nature,
however grand and absorbing in interest,
gains by its association with genius.
'Flow much,' he adds, 'does not Vaucluse
owe to Petrarch; Sorrento to Tasso; Venice
to Byron; .Annecy and Chambéry to
Rousseau and Madame de Warens l'and
we may now add, .Aix-les-Bains to Lamartine."
U nfortunately, the limits of my little
work do not admit of quotations from many
other authors who have helped to immor-
�Légende
A E/JJélusNlun' Tlurmal
�THE TOWN OF AIX-LES-BAINS.
139
talize the beauties and charms of our beloved valley; but 1 must particularize the
graphic and graceful pictures of H. R. H .
Princess Beatrice, which appeared in the
last .ranua,ry number of Good TVords.
THE TOWN OF AIX-LES-BAINS
ls situated at an altitude of 823 feet above
the level of the sea., and 90 feet above
Lake Bourget. Containing nearly 5 ,000
inhn.bitants, it is built on the decline of the
Revard chain of mountains about one mile
fTom the lake. This cluster of hotels and
houses rising one above the other presents
a picturesque aspect fi'om aIl points of view.
The wide, well-planned streets abut on aIl
sides on grand shady avenues, affording
deJightful shelter during the sultry season.
Almost aU the hotels and many of the
private houses are surrounded by gardens,
which contribllte greatly to the general
salubrity. The Park, purchased with the
Castle from the Marquis d'Aix in 1869,
��A lX-LES-BAI/\:S.
was laid out as a public walk. The Castle
now serves as the Post Office and Town
Hall.
HOTELS-BOARDING-HOUSESLODGING- HOUSES.
visitor finds superior ac~omdtin
at hotels, boarding-houses and furnished
10dgiDgs, at fixed rates, varying from 9
to 18 francs pel' day for board and
lodging.
Considering that wine is induded, this
price is reasonable. Most adapted for
perfect quiet are the furnished houses,
about one hundred in number-generally
with kitchens at the disposaI of the
lodgers, who have also the facility of
taking their meals at any of the fort y
hotels, or eighteen boarding-houses, at
fixed charges per day or meal. Many
have been recently conhotels and ~las
structed on the heights overlookiDg the
town and lake, offering a choice to those
who prefer repose with glorious scenery to
THE
�CARRIAGES.
14T
the advantages of tbe immediate proximity
of the Baths and CasIDos, with their numerous attractions. Large families l'equir.
ing special accommodation are advised to
write beforehand, as Aix is crowded during
the season, particubrly from June till the
end of September.
CARRIAGES.
landaus, victorias, and pony
carriages can be hired by the month, day,
or ho ur, or at special rates for excursions.
Carriages, with one or two ho1'ses, having
tariff affixed, are always found at the
railway station and in the streets. Omnibuses of the hotels meet all the trains
at the terminus. To avoid difficulties with
the coachmen, it lS essential to fix beforehand the fares for excul"Sions.
Since last year, chars-ct-banc and breaks
start at stated bours for the most attractive spots in the neighbourhood, at a very
moderate tariff pel' head.
Donkeys and riding horses are always
available.
EXCELLENT
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
STEAMERS AND BOATS.
leave the Grand Port daily J.t
one o'clock, and conduct passengers round
the lake, stopping. at aU the points of
interest. Three times a week very large
and comfortable steamers proceed from the
same point to Lyons, retmning the next
day. A steamer can be secured for pl·ivate
parties by giving a few hours' previous
notice. Sailing and rowing boats are hired
by the day or hour for excursions or
fishing.
STEA1IIERS
TARIFFS.
O)fNillUSES.
To Marlioz, and return ...... ...................... . .
To St. Simon, single ticket ... ................. ... .
"
[Lm! rctu rn ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .
To Gresy Waterfall, single ...... ..... . ... .. . ..... .
and return ........ .
"
F. c.
o 60
o 40
o 60
o 60
080
C .UtRIAGES.
Course in the town, one or two persons
1
three or four persons . . . . . . 2
Drive out of the to,vn (by the hour, without
refereuco to the number of persons) Carriage \Vith one horse ...... ... ...... ...... ... ... 3
with two horses .. ... . ... ... .. ... ....... 4
0
0
0
0
�DIVINE SERVICE.
143
'l'ARIFF ACCORDING TO DISTANCE .
From Aix to St. Innocent, Brison, and l'eturn-F. c.
Carriage \Vith one hm'se ...... ... . . . .... ........... 9 0
"
"two horses ...... .. ................... 12 0
Drive by the borders of the lake past 'rrcsserves,
Bon Port, and Tencnne, or Bou Port,
Viviers, and MarliozCarriage with one horse ... ....... .. ..... .... ... ... 8 0
" two hm' ses ... ... ... ... ..... ........ .. II 0
Drive to and from BourgetA carriage with one horse .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .... .. 1 1 0
"
"
two hOl'ses ......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1 5 0
To and from the Moulin de PrimesCarriage with one horse ... .. ...................... 9 0
" two horses ........................... 12 0
BOATs.
Two boatmen accompany boats containing six
passellgersTo Haute Combe ................................... .
Bourdeau .. ..................... . ................. .
Bourget ........... .... .. ................ .. ..... .. .. .
Bon Port .... ........... ...... .... ............. .. ..
Chatillon .. .... .. ... .......... ... .. . ............. ..
9
5
0
8
0
0
4
0
14
0
DONlŒYS .
By hotu' (each hour) ......... ............... :..... .. .
Half-day ...... ...... ...... ...... ... ...... ......... 4
Day................................ .. ............. . 7
0
0
0
DIVINE SE RVICE.
Roma.n Ca.tholic Church, rendered
lnteresting by an ancient chapel within its
precincts, is quite insufficient in size, and
THE
�AiX-LES-BAINS.
will shortly be replaced by one worthy in
dimensions of the numerous visitors. Partly
destroyed by fire in the conflagration of
Aix in the fifteenth century, the edifice
presents a variety of architectural epochs,
from pure Gothie to the worst period of the
Renaissance.
English Protestant service is regularly
performed twice on Sundays in a chn.rming
little church recently enlarged to meet the
requirements of the yearly increasing numbers of visitors.
Presbyterian and French Protestant service take place also tWlce on Sundays in
the large church annexed to the AngloFrench Hospital.
H OSPITALS.
To King Victor Amedeus of Savoy was·
due the inauguration of gratuitous baths
with cheap board and lodging for indigent patients. Subsequently the Empress
Josephine built and endowed a hospital in
memory of the Baroness de Broc, who met
�HOSPITALS.
145
with a tragic end in the cataract of Gresy.
This hospital, at first insufficient in size,
has been generously subsidized by native
and foreign gratuities, among which the
largest were contributed by Ml'. Haldimand,
Ml'. Boyd, and my father, Ml'. Brachet,
&c. &c. One
many years Mayor of AL~,
hundred and twenty beds exist, and are
generally occupied in summer. During
the bst two years the annual number of
patients amounted. to 817.
An Anglo-French Protestant Asylulll
established ten years ago is supported
entirely by voluntary contributions. lVI.
Fournier, the French Protestant minister,
and Mrs. MacViccar, an Irish lady, have
co1Jected large subscriptions in Great
Britain and on the Continent, and visitors
occasionally leave substantial additions to
the funds. Patients treated in both hospitaIs are entitled to the gratuitous service
of the J3aths.
When patients can lay no claim to
private charity they are aclmitted to both
hospitaIs at a claily charge of two fi'ancs,
L
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
on producing the necessary certificates of
poverty signed by the Mayors of their
communes.
THE ANTIQUITIES OF AIX.
almost
entirely preserved appears to have been
the entrance to the Thermes, though long
erroneously regarded as a sepulchral arch
of which purpose the inscriptions offer no
sort of indication. The principal inscription- CC L. Pompeius Campanus vins fecit"may be snpposed to designate the name of
the author, and the other inscriptions the
members of his family or his colleagues; or
possibJy the names of the administrators
of the Thermes.
This arrch is constructed, as weIl as the
Temple, of huge blocks of stone supported
without cement by their own weight. The
western aspect presents eight niches, once
probably occupied by the effigies of the
persons whose names are inscribed at the
base.
The
Arch
of
Campanus
�THE ANTIQUITIES OF AIX.
147
The R oman Bath of octagon form is one
of the last specimens of Roman architecture.
The bricks employed in its construction
bear the mark of Clarianus, a manufacturer
residing in Vienne (Dauphin6), and are
similal' to those found in the Roman ruins
at Lyons, thus proving that the Roman
.constructions at Aix and Lyons date from
the ame epoch-either the reign of
Augustus 01' of Tiberius. This Hom~
bat.h is situated in the cellars of the
Pension Chabert, and in the same house
is a Roman sun-dial orjginally found in the
Roman bath. Fragments of ancient marble
statues were discovered in the excavation.'
al'ound the bath, as also amphol'œ, and
many coins dating from the two first Christian centmies.
The T emple of D i ana.-This edifice,
hedged in by modern buildings, denotes by
its elegant simplicity the taste of Grecian
archit.ecture improved by Roman progress.
U nfortunately, one façade opposite the
Baths is destroyed; the other façades are
composed of huge blocks of stone, piled up
L 2
�AIX-LES -BAINS.
over each other. Archœologists attribui.e
this construction to the reign of Tiberius,
sorne believing that it was dedicated to the
worship of Venus, others to that of Diana,
according to local traditions.
Museum.-A staircase of the .sixteenth
century of the pmest Renaissance style
leads to the interior of the Temple of Diana
with a Museum on the first-floor, containing many objects of local interest and
great antiquity, the gift of Count L.
Lepic. The price of admission is one
franc. In the same edifice is a Library,
where ail the. works and maps referring
to the history of the country are
coilected.
AMUSEMENTS.
WE ha\-e two large casinos-the Casino
Ancien Ce1'c1e; a club for ladies and gentlemen personally introduced was built by
snbscriptions thirty years ago. The shares
entirely taken up in Savoy receive no
interest, the profits being applied to the
��Ail.IUS LlfENT S.
impro vemen t of the club. Thus, two years
.since an elegan t and commodious theatr e,
.a nd a spacious hall decora ted with SaI viati's
mosaics, were constr ucted.
Twice a day, in additi on to other amuse ments , n. band plays in the garden s. In the
,evenin g there are altern ate performances of
,opera and concerts execu ted by Colonne's
celebr ated orches tra from the Chate let in
Paris; once a v,reek fireworks and a bàll,
.and occasionally special performances of
plays by the first Parisi an artists . The
Readi ng-room is provid ed with the leadin g
newspapers of aU countries, and an excellent restau rant is attach ed.
CASL,O.
F. c.
For the season 40 0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
J
....
...
.
...
,
.
One person . ......
Husbanc1 and wife ...... ... .. .... ........ . ... ...... 65 0
Fatlter or ruother with one chilcl, undcr twclve
years old . .. . .. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . . . . . 65 0
Father and mother, with one unmarri cd child 85 0
Family, composed of father, mother, aud
several unmarri ed children . ..... ..... .... ... 100 0
5 0
.Children under twelvc years olel ... .. . ...... .. .
3 0
..
....
.
.....
......
...
..
..
..
......
day
by
Single entry
�(/J
c::
--0
<cO
-:l
(/J
(1)
--0
:;j
>
><
«
--0
o
C
Vl
rd
c:>
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
The Villa des F leurs offers the same
amusements and is also much frequented,
the spacious gardens proving very atb'act i ve. The directors of both these establishments are most courteous and attentive
to foreigners.
V1LLA DES FL}]UllS.
the seaSO'lF. c.
One person ... ... ........ . .. ............................ 40 0
lWO persons .... , . .... ... ...... ... ......... ........... 70 0
lTIach extra person ........ ..... .... .. .......... ....... 20 0
Subscription for a. fortnight at the rate ot two
fraucs per daySingle eutry by day ..... .. ..... ................... .. 3 0
1'01'
Pigeon Shooting.-Two years Slllce,
shooting matches, in which the chief
champions of Europe have taken pmi;, were
successfully inaugurated at St. Simon, about
two miles from Aix.
local company has undel'taken the establisllmellt of annual races at
Marlioz, a picturesque adjacent spot. The
opemng rn.ce on this fine course is fixed for
J uly next.
Races.~
A
�WALKS.
ISI
WALKS.
To commence, l indicate short walks suflicing to produce without fatigue the required
reaction after the douches, and place at the
head the
R oche du Roi-an ancient stone quarry,
commanding the nnest view of the town
and lake. Ascending by the splendid
hotel, and returning by the avenue of
Marlioz, this walk occupies about half an
hour ; morning is the best time for witnessing the effects of light and shade.
Boulevard des Cotes.-Turning to the
left of the Etablissement, follow this new
boulevard bya gentle ascent, with an uninterrupted view of the town, and of the
furthest extremities of the lake and mountains. On both sides of the road numerous
villas are built, and others are projected.
If not too fatiguing, it is ad visable to proceed as far as Notre Dame des Eaux, a
most commanding situation; othenyise, a
few minutes' walk leads direct to the Park
and town .
�A:lX-LES-BAINS.
Park of M arlioz.-Those who are not
strong enough to ascend the heights, enjoy
a walk of a.bout twenty minutes' duration
to Marlioz, through one of those splendid
avenues of trees for which Aix is justly
ceIebn1ted.
S t. S im on, P ont P ierre, Chat eau de
S yllan . - Passing the cemetery by the
Geneva road, a short walk leads to St.
Simon, renowned for its mineraI alkaline
spring, and for a large plantation of roses,
offering a varied choice to the intending
purchaser. If not tired, proceed till you
reach a stone bridge (Pont Pierre), turn to
the left, and a gentle ascent through a
vineyard abuts on the wood of Touvieres
and the Castle of Sy Han. You will be
amply rewarded by the grand panorama of
the Alpes Dauphinoises, the mountain of
the Grande Chartreuse, the general view of
the town and lake, and, above aIl, of the
plain, the seat of a great battle between
the Romans and the Allobroges, where
120,000 men fell victims.*
Return by St.
,r.'
Cabias, 1668.
"
;
�WALK.
153
Innocent, the abode of the Angora rabbits,
and the Grand Port. This walk, occupying
about two hours, may be performed on foot,
01' on donkeys.
Maison du Diable.-Olose to the road of
th Petit Port is the north elld of the Hill
of Tresserves, on which stands the Maison
du Diable-so namec~
after à popnlar legend
-the property of the Hon. Lady W--,
who for many years exercised ,vith her late
husband profuse hospitality towards the
Înhabitants and visitors of Aix.
Bois Lamartine, situated on the decline
of the Hill of Tresserves, "vas illustrated
by the most sym'pathetic of OUT poets, to
whom we owe the glol'ious poem of the
" Lake."
The Grand Port.-A splendid avenue
to the left of the Gigot leads in about
twenty minutes to the Grand Port, the
starting-point of the steamers, with a
general view of the bke and its surroundings.
The Petit Port.-Stillnearer to Aix is
the Petit Port, whence the lake is viewed
�A IX-LES·BAINS.
154
j'rom another aspect. The distance on foot
is about a quarter of an hour from Aix.
A new canal ls pr~i
ected to bring the
waters of the L a,ke jnto the centre of the
town, thus enabling visitors to start m
baats direct fi'om the hotel.
Hill of Tresserves, at the south of
Aix, commands on one side the Bois
Lamartine and the town, with its mountain
background; and on the other, through
richly wooded slopes, . an enchanting
view of the lake and surrounding hil~.
Sorne of the villas are occupied by English
residents. Returning by the borders of
the lake, an hour and n. half is agl'eeably
occupied.
Mouxy, Trevignin, Clarafond.-Leav-
the town, and passing behind the Etablissement, the visitor arrives by an easy
a 'cent at the village of Mouxy, thence to
the left at the village of Trevignin, and to
the right at that of Clarafond. Ail these
roads are beautifully wooded, and the
atmosphere becomes more bracing as wa
ascend.
Îl1O'
���DRIVES.
155
DRIVES.
Waterfall of Gresy.-The most frequented excursion by carriage or train is
to the Cascade of Gresy, about twenty
minutes' drive from Aix, where the meet.ing
of t wo rivers produces a glorious effect.
At the distance of two minutes' walk from
the high- road, a little steam tender is in
waiting to take the visitor through a narrow
and higJlly picturesque gorge, a mile in
length, presenting no danger.
Tower of Gresy.- I advise the visitoI"
to ascend to this ToweI', an ancient building,
dat Lng from the end of the eleventh century,
whence the view is magnmcent. According to some historians, this was the site of
the Cemetery during the Homan occupation
of Aix, and of the Christian Cemetery in
the sixth century. The Donjon Tower
was built in the twelfth century. Great
interest is derived from a careful study of
the ancient inscriptions at its base.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
M oulin de Prime.-Continuing
this
drive, a shady and charming road, most
.enjoyable during the hot season, leads to
the Moulin de Prime, about. five miles
distant from Aix.
G rot te de B ange .-Farther on
the
Grotte de Bange, weil worth a visit-a
torrent (Le Chérant) foilowing the entire
length of the road refreshes the atmosphere ;
gold-dust is found in the bed of the river.
The so-called Grotto, an immense cavern,
about fifteen minutes from the high road,
with a lake at its extremity, is difficult of
access.
The drive occupies from four to five
hours.
lS
Tour du L a c.-To obtain a general ide a
of the country, the best plan is to follow
the right border of the lake, and return by
Tresserves or Viviers.
This drive occupies an hour and a ha]f.
Chateau de l a Serraz.-Turning to the
l'ight of Terrenue, at the he ad of the lake,
�DRIVES.
J5ï
a, delightful drive through gro,-es of pines
and chestnuts, leads to La S81TaZ Castle,
whence the scenery is 10vely.
Ch3.teau de la Motte.-The straight
road from Terrenue conducts to the
Château de la Motte. The splendid park
resembles in many respects the far-famed
English park s, seldom met with in our
country.
These two expeditions occnpy three or
four hours.
Le Bourget et le Col du Chat.- The
\7illage of Bourget, abo ut fifty minutes
from Aix, is sitl1ated on the opposite side
of the lake.
The well-preservecl ruins of an old castle
built in the thirteenth century by the Counts
of Savoy; the village church contigrious
to t he dilapidated remains of another
ancient castle, are the chief objects of
interest. A litt le farther on, a windiIw
ü
carriage-road leads by an easy clscent, in
less thal1 an hour, to t he Col du Chat.
By this road H annibal achievec1 hi8 re-
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
nowned passage across the Alps, two
hundred and fifteen years before the Christian era.
This excursion cannot fail to chanu and
Înterest the visito r.
Castle ofBourdeau.-The straight road
from Bourget conducts to the Castle of
Bourdeau-a hunting-box of the old Couuts
of Savoy constructed in the eleventh
century. Frequent repairs at different
epochs gi ve to this castle an air of originality sing-ularly picturesque when viewed
from the lake.
The commanding aspect of the terrace,
at an altitude of 900, feet deserves
special comment. The grand salon contains
some old Italian pictures of a certain
merit.
Castle of Chatillon-A gay and smiling
road-a miniature Corniche, winding at the
base of the mountain by the bord ers of
the lake, leads in an hour and a half from
St. Innocent to Chatillon, enabling t he
visitor to survey the stupendous railway
�DRIVES.
159
works constructed by an English Company
twenty-five years ago. The castle standing on a platform at the SUlUlllit of a hill
commands the view of the entire lake.
The last Baroness of Chatillon who inhabit
the castle graciously accords permission
to visit the tenace and the ancient tower;
whence not only the lake, but the Rhone
Valley are plaÎlùy distinguished. In thi
castle, Pope Celestin IV. was born, at
the end of the eighth century. In hot
weath r, it is best to proceed by train to
Chindrieux station; the little Corniche road
is exposed to the sun, and affm-ds no
, helter.
Drive to the Rhone by the Canal of
Savière.-This bright and attractive route,
highly recommended to people too nervous
for boat excursions, follows the canal
through which the waters of the lake flow
into the Rhone bya bridge recently constructed over the cana'! of Savières.
Carriages arrive direct by a steep but
practicable route, at Haute Combe-a great
�160
A1X-LES-BA.fi\·S.
advantage for timorous people not ventur4
ing in boatR.
Val de Fier.-This road about nine
miles i.n length was constructed twenty
years ago through mountain gorges
hitherto deemed impassable, and follows
the.' courBe of a deep river (the Fier),
through ."hich the waters of Lake Annecy
flovY into the Rhon .
There is ample time for this excursion
between luncheon and dinner. Take the
train from Aix to Rumilly (an ancient and
interesting town), drive to Seyssel by the
Val de Fier, and ':eturn by train from
Seyssel to Aix.
Valley of the Beauges.-A continua-
tion of the road past Gresy, the Moulin
de Prime, and the Grotto of the Banges,
leads to a fertile Alpine valley, rjch in
vegetation and abounding in glorious
points of view. The excursion occupies an
entire day, and by way of economy, a large
party should be arranged to share the
expenses. Although food may be obtained
�DRIVES.
I6r
at the inns, it is more prudent to t.ake a
hamper of provisions. Starting in carriages
or breaks at seven in the mornlng, the best
halting-place for breakfast is the Chatelard,
a charming little village at the base of a
steep rock. Drive on through a picturesque
road penetrating the very heart ofthe Alps
to St. Pierre d'Albigny, whence the train
occupies an hour and a half in returning to
Aix. Or Aix may be reached through the
Deserts, or by the Chartreus des Aillons;
each road offering so manyattractions, that
it is impossible to indicate the best mode
of surveying the glorious Alpine effects.
Castle of Miolan. -If the retnrn by
Wèty of St. Pierre d'Albigny is selected, the
Castle of MiolR.n- an ancient State prison
-is well worth visiting.
When going direct by railway from Aix,
carriages must be previously ordered from
the hoteJ-keeper of St. Pierre d'Albigny.
The Grande Chartreuse.-This excur-
sion is frequently made in one clay; but
when two days can be spared proyes far
M
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
more agreeable. By stal'ting aftel' the bath
or douche at ten or eleven in the morning,
the l'eturn to Aix in time for the b:1th the
next afternoon is easily effected, as the
Etablissement remains open until :6.ve. It
is advisable to engage a landau for four
persons; the gentlemen of the party sleep
at the monastel'Y, and may attend the
morning service; whilst the ladies :6.nd
every comfort at an adjacent inn, and may
l'est or witness the splendid effect of the
nsmg sun. The combination of the ideal
and the mystic with the beauties of Nature
endows this excursion with special attract ions, intensely appreciated by ail visitors.
Lake of Aiguebelette- S p as of L a
Bauche.-At the south extremity of the
Mont 'du Chat behind the mountain of
L'Epine, a little lake, nearly three miles
long and a mile and a half broad, glistens like an opal in the midst of pine
groves. A train from Chambéry deposits the tourist at the station of Aiguebelette, close to the lake, whence it is easy
�lI:IOVNTAIN ASCENTS.
163
to visit the iron spas of La Bauche. Half
t). day suffices for the whole eXl edition.
MOUNTAIN ASCENTS.
Dent du Chat.-The summit of the
Dent du Chat is the most frequented
mountain as cent in the envirolls of Aix.
Delicate people and invalids must not
:1ttempt to climb to the most elevated peak,
five thousand feet high. Carriages drive
to the in n, whence-as all along the roada magnificent view is obtained. In thirty
minutes a steep accessible route enables the
tourist to enjoy the full view over the Alps,
Mont Blanc, the Rhone Valley; the expedition occupies four or five hours.
To shorten the distance the lake is occasionally crossed in boats. From:1 medical
point thiFl mode cannot be. recommended ;
fatigue and exhaustion predispose to chills,
wit h aIl their dangerous results; whilst in
a carriage sufficient wraps avert a.ll risk.
The Revard.-The excursion l O this
mountain is inexpressiblyattractive- a mule
M2
�DRIVES.
Semnoz Alps, otherwise called Righi
ofSavoy. -A four hours' drive fl'om Aix
is the foot of Mont Semnoz. The ascent
occupies two hours on foot or donkey. By
sleeping at the excellent hotel-chalet-at
an altitude of 5,600 feet-enjoying the
entire panorama of the mountains a.nd
lakes of Savoy and Switzerland, the
varied effects of sum'ise and sunset may
be witnessed. The projected railway will
rem ove aIl existing obstacles, and render
the ascent of the Semnoz practicable to
the most delicate persons.
Tower of Cessens.-To reach this very
ancient tower the Geneva road is followed
as far as Albens, whence an ascent by a
good carriage drive in aspect resembling
Scotch scenery leads to the summit of the
mountain: an excellent view of the valley
of the Rhone and the lake may be here
enjoyed; return by Albens, St. Girod,
the Castle de Loches, and Gresy. This
excursion is easily performed between luncheon and dinner.
�AIX-LES-BAINS.
and donkey-path passing through splendid
forests of pines abuts on the highest point
of the Revard (5,070 feet). The magnificent view extending over the chain of Alps,
including Mont Blanc, baffles description.
A projected hotel will afford the best opportunity for recrl1iting debi.litated constitutions, and render the Grand Revard one of
the most freq l1ented stations as an aftercure, combining ail the requirements of
bracing air, lure water, and unrivalled
position. The summit is reached in three
hours and a half.
These two mountain excursions, easy
and by no means fatiguing, are almost
indispensable. Attention must now be
called to more distant, though very interesting, ascents.
The -Dent du Nivolet.-The best way
to the Nivolet is by train or road to
Chambéry; thence two hours' drive to the
village of the Deserts and a walk of two
ho urs lead to the summit (5,°7° feet).
The view of the Chambéry valley is unequalled.
�166
AIX·LES-BAINS.
STEAMER OR BOAT EXCURSIONS.
A GENERAL description has already been
given of many interesting points daily
visited in boats, but equally accessible by
carriages-such as Bourdeau, Le Bourget,
Chatillon, the canal to the Rhone, &c.;
it only remains to describe the Abbey of
Hautecombe, the ancient burial-place
of the Rouse of Savoy and almost the only
spot there still belonging to that Royal
race dates from the twelfth century, when
Amadeus the Third bestowed the site on
the Abbot of Clairvaux. The Abbey was
doomed to destruction in 1796, and transformed into a pottery manufactory; but
was completely restored and re-decorated
in 18 24 by King Charles Felix, and is now
occupied by sorne Bernardine monks.
In the church are more than three hundred statues, many old pictures, mauso]eums, and simple tombstonet3. The monuments of King Charles Felix, buried in 18 3 l,
�(l)
..Q
E
o
ü
ru
��CHAMBERY.
and of his Queen, Mary Christine, buried
jn 1849, are the most interesting. No
arImission is granted to the cloister. The
private apartments of the Kings of Bavoy
may be visited.
In the hottest weather there is a 1"efreshing breeze on the lake. Inva1ids and
aU who walk with difficulty enjoy the
€ntrancing views around without leaving
the boat, which as a change is recommended
to aU as a delightful mode of transit.
CHAMBERY.
THE former capital of the Dukedom of
Savoy has preserved, amidst innumerable
varieties of architecture denoting changes
of dynasty, its ancient type. As seat of
the Pr'3fecture of the De.partment of
Bavoy, greater animat.ion prevails than
in ordinary towns occupied by twenty
thousand inhabiümts. The new streets,
wide and clean, contain excellent shops;
the Palace of Justice and the Town Hall
are singularly fine edifices. The majority
of the hospitals and asylums are due to the
�168
AIX-LES-BAINS.
benevolence of the Comte de Boigne, a
native of the town, who returned from the
East Indies with a colossal fortune; in
recogniti.on of his services, the municipality
erected in his honom a monument of
doubtful taste surrounded by effigies of
elephants, which occupies a prominent
posit.ion in the town. The old Castle, a
most interesting monument built in 1232,
has been so often partially blunt and restored that it now presents every varietyof
architecture. Formerly occnpied by the
Governors of Savoy, it now serves as the
Prefecture. From the summit of the tower
a general coup-d'œil of the enchanting
surroundings amply repays the fatigue
of the ascent. In the Sainte Chapelle, the
porch in Renaissance style, and sorne ancient
frescoes and stained-glass windows, are
remarkable. The little Gothic chapel is
also interesting. The Museum contains
a complete collection uf u,utiquities discovered in the lake; of old coins; and of
the costumes formerly worn in different
parts of Savoy.
�CHAMBERJ":
Les Oharmettes.-The remembrance of
Jean Jaques Rousseau and Madame de
Warens enhances the interest of this picturesque cottage, half an hour's drive from
Chambéry, commanding some fine points
ofview.
OhaJIes.-The Etablissement, the Casino, and the waters more highlyimpregnated
with sulphur than any others in the world,
rend el' Challes very interesting; the hotel
of the old Castle is also curious; and on the
terrace, wl1ere dinners are served, may be
enjoyed an admirable view of the setting
sun, as it sinks behind the range of the
Alps.
The Bout du Monde.-This charming
waterfall, issuing from the Doria Gorge at
the foot of the rock of Mount Nivolet,
works an important paper mill; and is
litt le out of the direct road from Chambéry
to Challes.
AIl the drives round Chambéry are dist inguished by the richness and variety of
the vegetation, and the magnificent points
of view.
�Al.X-LES-BAINS.
Gorges du Fier.-Leaving the Annecy
train at Lovagny-an hour and a quarter
from Aix-the Gorges du Fier are at a
short distance; invalid chairs are available.
The gallery, 260 metres in length, is
pl'otected from aU risk hy a balustrade
a metre in height ; a mild and soothing
temperature pervades. ,The torrent, pursning its headlong course amidst rocky
crags beneath the gallery, presents an aspect
of striking grandeur.
The Château of Montretiers-close to the
Gorges-dating from the fourteenth cel1tury, resembles, in miniature, the splendid
Castle of Pierrefonds. Once a baronial
residence, Montr,e tiers has been recently
purchased by a gentleman from Lyons.
ANNECY.
l'ailway transit from Aix to Annecy
occupies one hour and twenty minutes.
Popubtion, 13,000 inhabitants. Situated
at the foot of Mount Semnoz, and at the
ext.remity of the lake bearing its ·name,
Annecy possesses two excellent hotels, and
THE
���ANNEe 1;:
- - - - - - -- - - - - -
----
carnages and boats of ail descriptions are
available.
For furthel' details 1 again gladly refer
to Lord Lamington's vivjd and graceful
description :"""After a long experience of travel, seldom
have l seen any place combine so much to
charm and interest as Annecy. The lake
not only flows up to the town, but through
canals which are crossed by narrow bridges;
and on either side are quaint old houses,
8uch as Prout loved to sketch: which,
although many of them of wood, have 1'emained unchanged for cen turies. Those
who love symmet1'y must not penetrate
into streets and lanes of Annecy; but the
artist may find subjects for his brush to
occupy many a day: every turn presents a
fi·esh object of delight to the student in
pencil or pen . It is strangely divel'Sified
in appearance. There are stately honses in
the old Venetian style, with balconies of
highly-finished i1'onwork, and decorated
.... "Aix-les-Baills and Allnecy." L ord LalUington,iu
N ineteenth Celltu?·y, August, 1883.
�172
AIX·LES·BAINS.
architraves, where old families still reside
in dignified retirement. Commanding the
town is the quaint old castle of the Dukes
of Genevois- emoms, dating from the fourteenth century-with itstowers and massive
keep, its ramparts and battlements, which
so frequently and successfully defied the
power of France, and averted that conquest
which now has been achieved by pmchase.
Annecy is a Bishopric and Prefecture; and
as troops are always garrisolled there, there
is enongh animation to add to its medireval
interest. The dignity of a Prefecture has.
led to the formation of delightful gardens.
on the shores of the lake, which Îs about
twelve miles long by three wide, and is surrounded. on three sides by Alpine snowcovered mountains. Thus Annecy adds to
the 10ve]i:Jaess of Como the gra.ndeur of
Lake Leman.
"Many illustrious men have found their
rest in retirement on its shores. Eugène
Sue, Custine, and Rousseau passed the latter
years of their lives there. 'The Maisonnette de Chavoires, now calleel the' Maison
���ANNEC Y.
173
de Rouss eau;'w here he dwelt so many yen.l'S,
still exists, althou gh falling into ruins .
"The Acadé mie Florim ontain e held its
sitting s in the ancien t episcopal palace,
where Franço is de Sales lived. No name
was so honou red and loved [lS this Apost le of
the Alps. He died in I622, and was buried
in the beauti ful cathed ral. In such estima tion was his memory held by the people,
that when the city was taken by the
Frenc h in l 630, one of the SL'i:: articles of
capitu lation was that the body of Franço is
de Sales should ne ver be moved from the
city.
"Even those who take little intere st in
spots associated with genius such as Rousseau's, or in noble lives such as Saint
Franço is de Sales' (he was canonized in
e
l 658), or who only visit Annec y for chang
of air or love of beauti ful scenery, will be
gratef ul to be invite d there. There are few
spots w here the love of retirem ent can be
more pleasa ntly induig ed, and there is
sufficient movem ent to preve nt the painfu i
sense of solitude. It is very charm ing to
�174
AIX-LES-BAINS.
sit lU the beautiful park and watch the
lights and shadows on the rich wooded
hi.ll-sides, while far beyond are seAn the
mountains of the Val d'Isère; alld still
further distant the snowy summi.ts of the
Dauphiné Alps. Another ad vantage is
that Annecy, although less than two hours
distant from Aix-les-Bains, is comparatively
little known to tourists. It is fervent1y to
be hoped that no sulphurous 'spl'ing may be
rliscovered, and that it may remain a little
city to flee to from the balnea st1'epitumque
of Aix. Aftel' a few days spent thel'e the
invalid will return with increased eneJ'gy to
complete his tl'eatment."
THE END .
�V ISITORS WILL FIND AT
ANTOINE BOlllET'S lIBRARY,
54, PLACE CENTRA.LE,
AH Standard and R ecent English and
French Books for Hire or Purchase.
FRENCH AND ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS
Are found at the Bookstall of the Railway
Station.
�S.M. DE VICH Y
1111111 111111111111111111111111111111 11111 11111 1111111111111
3584780044
���
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Le Thermalisme
Relation
A related resource
https://bibliotheque-virtuelle.bu.uca.fr/files/vignettes
/BCU_Vichy_album_de_photographies_247365.jpg
Description
An account of the resource
<p>La médiathèque Valery Larbaud de Vichy conserve plusieurs centaines d'ouvrages consacrés au thermalisme.<br />En partenariat avec l'Université Clermont Auvergne, est ici mise en ligne une sélection...<br /><a href="https://bibliotheque-virtuelle.bu.uca.fr/exhibits/show/lethermalisme">En savoir plus sur le Thermalisme</a></p>
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Aix-les-Bains
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brachet, Léon
Perrin, André
Title
A name given to the resource
Aix-les-Bains (in Savoy) : the medical treatment and general indications
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
H. Renshaw
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1884
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Médiathèque Valery Larbaud (Vichy) TH 615.853 AIX
Bibliothèque Université Clermont Auvergne
Subject
The topic of the resource
Cures thermales – France -- Aix-les-Bains (Savoie)
Crénothérapie – France -- Aix-les-Bains (Savoie)
Cures thermales – France -- Marlioz (Savoie)
Aix-les-Bains (Savoie) -- Guides touristiques et de visites
Aix-les-Bains (Savoie) -- Plans
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
XV - 174 p.
application/pdf
Description
An account of the resource
Dédicace imprimée : "To the distinguished members of my profession in Great Britain and Ireland, from whom I have received valuable information, with many proofs of consideration and kindly feeling, this little work in inscribed as a sincere though inadequate mark of respect and esteem by.". Reliure d'éditeur toilée rouge, titre et auteur en filet doré sur dos et plat supérieur, fleuron doré
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
text
Language
A language of the resource
eng
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Domaine public
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
BCU_Aix_Les_Bains_358478
Relation
A related resource
vignette : https://bibliotheque-virtuelle.bu.uca.fr/files/thumbnails/22/26509/BCU_Aix_Les_Bains_358478.jpg
Aix-les-Bains (Savoie) -- Guides touristiques et de visites
Aix-les-Bains (Savoie) -- Plans
Crénothérapie – France -- Aix-les-Bains (Savoie)
Cures thermales – France -- Aix-les-Bains (Savoie)
Cures thermales – France -- Marlioz (Savoie)